Related papers: Social inequality: from data to statistical physic…
We introduce the General Poverty Index (GPI), which summarizes most of the known and available poverty indices, in the form {equation*} GPI=\delta…
We consider Gini's mean difference statistic as an alternative to the empirical variance in the settings of finite populations where simple random samples are drawn without replacement. In particular, we discuss specific (in the finite…
Inequality measures such as the Gini coefficient are used to inform and motivate policymaking, and are increasingly applied to digital platforms. We analyze how measures fare in pseudonymous settings that are common in the digital age. One…
Income inequality is known to have negative impacts on an economic system, thus has been debated for a hundred years past or more. Numerous ideas have been proposed to quantify income inequality, and the Gini coefficient is a prevalent…
Over the past several years, a slew of different methods to measure the fairness of a machine learning model have been proposed. However, despite the growing number of publications and implementations, there is still a critical lack of…
Algorithmic fairness is receiving significant attention in the academic and broader literature due to the increasing use of predictive algorithms, including those based on artificial intelligence. One benefit of this trend is that algorithm…
Multilevel or hierarchical data structures can occur in many areas of research, including economics, psychology, sociology, agriculture, medicine, and public health. Over the last 25 years, there has been increasing interest in developing…
Inverse problems in statistical physics are motivated by the challenges of `big data' in different fields, in particular high-throughput experiments in biology. In inverse problems, the usual procedure of statistical physics needs to be…
Mounting evidences are being gathered suggesting that income and wealth distribution in various countries or societies follow a robust pattern, close to the Gibbs distribution of energy in an ideal gas in equilibrium, but also deviating…
We examine whether mobility measures appropriately represent changes in individual status, like income or ranks. We suggest three elementary principles for mobility comparisons and show that many commonly used indices violate one or more of…
This paper develops a rigorous mathematical framework for egalitarian ethics by integrating formal tools from economics and mathematics. We motivate the formalism by investigating the limitations of conventional informal approaches by…
In the past 30 years there have been extensive discoveries in the theory of integrable statistical mechanical models including the discovery of non-linear differential equations for Ising model correlation functions, the theory of random…
This study is concerned with estimating the inequality measures associated with the underlying hypothetical income distribution from the times series grouped data on the Lorenz curve. We adopt the Dirichlet pseudo likelihood approach where…
Quantum inequalities are lower bounds for local averages of quantum observables that have positive classical counterparts, such as the energy density or the Wick square. We establish such inequalities in general (possibly interacting)…
The quest for a theory of cities that could offer a quantitative and systematic approach to manage cities is at the top priority, given the challenges humanity faces due to the increasing urbanization and densification of cities. If such a…
In this paper we will show that the Gini coefficient and the introduced measure of angular inequality are special cases of a wider indexed family of measurements. We will discuss the properties of the defined class based, inter alia, on a…
Machine learning has seen an increase in negative publicity in recent years, due to biased, unfair, and uninterpretable models. There is a rising interest in making machine learning models more fair for unprivileged communities, such as…
Statistical laws describe regular patterns observed in diverse scientific domains, ranging from the magnitude of earthquakes (Gutenberg-Richter law) and metabolic rates in organisms (Kleiber's law), to the frequency distribution of words in…
This study analyzes the role of meritocracy, media influence, and scheduled theory from multiple perspectives as mechanisms that maintain inequality in social classes. Social inequality exists in complex forms in the educational, media, and…
The classical concept of inequality curves and measures is extended to conditional inequality curves and measures and a curve of conditional inequality measures is introduced. This extension provides a more nuanced analysis of inequality in…