Related papers: Amortized Rotation Cost in AVL Trees

Motivated by an application in computational topology, we consider a novel variant of the problem of efficiently maintaining dynamic rooted trees. This variant requires merging two paths in a single operation. In contrast to the standard…

In this paper we generalize the definition of "Search Trees" (ST) to enable reference values other than the key of prior inserted nodes. The idea builds on the assumption an $n$-node AVL (or Red-Black) requires to assure $O(\log_2n)$…

This paper presents a new kind of self-balancing ternary search trie that uses a randomized balancing strategy adapted from Aragon and Seidel's randomized binary search trees ("treaps"). After any sequence of insertions and deletions of…

This article compares the performance of the AVL tree to the performance of the bottom-up, top-down, and left-leaning red-black trees. The bottom-up red-black tree is faster than the AVL tree for insertion and deletion of randomly ordered…

We use a novel decomposition to create succinct data structures -- supporting a wide range of operations on static trees in constant time -- for a variety tree classes, extending results of Munro, Nicholson, Benkner, and Wild. Motivated by…

Rebalancing schemes for dynamic binary search trees are numerous in the literature, where the goal is to maintain trees of low height, either in the worst-case or expected sense. In this paper we study randomized rebalancing schemes for…

In this paper, we provide new insights and analysis for the two elementary tree-based data structures - the AVL tree and binary heap. We presented two simple properties that gives a more direct way of relating the size of an AVL tree and…

Trees are useful entities allowing to model data structures and hierarchical relationships in networked decision systems ubiquitously. An ordered tree is a rooted tree where the order of the subtrees (children) of a node is significant. In…

Since AVL trees were invented in 1962, two major open questions about rebalancing operations, which found positive answers in other balanced binary search trees, were left open: can these operations be performed top-down (with a fixed…

A non-blocking chromatic tree is a type of balanced binary search tree where multiple processes can concurrently perform search and update operations. We prove that a certain implementation has amortized cost $O(\dot{c} + \log n)$ for each…

We consider a natural notion of search trees on graphs, which we show is ubiquitous in various areas of discrete mathematics and computer science. Search trees on graphs can be modified by local operations called rotations, which generalize…

The degree distribution of an ordered tree $T$ with $n$ nodes is $\vec{n} = (n_0,\ldots,n_{n-1})$, where $n_i$ is the number of nodes in $T$ with $i$ children. Let $\mathcal{N}(\vec{n})$ be the number of trees with degree distribution…

This paper studies the empirical behaviour of the p-AVL tree, a probabilistic variant of the AVL tree in which each imbalance is repaired with probability $p$. This gives an exact continuous interpolation from $p = 0$, which recovers the…

The pairing heap is a simple "self-adjusting" implementation of a heap (priority queue). Inserting an item into a pairing heap or decreasing the key of an item takes O(1) time worst-case, as does melding two heaps. But deleting an item of…

An evolutionary tree is a rooted tree where each internal vertex has at least two children and where the leaves are labeled with distinct symbols representing species. Evolutionary trees are useful for modeling the evolutionary history of…

An optimal binary search tree for an access sequence on elements is a static tree that minimizes the total search cost. Constructing perfectly optimal binary search trees is expensive so the most efficient algorithms construct almost…

We examine a discrete random recursive tree growth process that, at each time step, either adds or deletes a node from the tree with probability $p$ and $1-p$, respectively. Node addition follows the usual uniform attachment model. For node…

Given two rooted, ordered, and labeled trees $P$ and $T$ the tree inclusion problem is to determine if $P$ can be obtained from $T$ by deleting nodes in $T$. This problem has recently been recognized as an important query primitive in XML…

We are interested in the quantitative analysis of the compaction ratio for two classical families of trees: recursive trees and plane binary increasing trees. These families are typical representatives of tree models with a small depth.…

We introduce the problem of isolating several nodes in random recursive trees by successively removing random edges, and study the number of random cuts that are necessary for the isolation. In particular, we analyze the number of random…