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We tackle the problem of predicting saliency maps for videos of dynamic scenes. We note that the accuracy of the maps reconstructed from the gaze data of a fixed number of observers varies with the frame, as it depends on the content of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Ekta Prashnani , Orazio Gallo , Joohwan Kim , Josef Spjut , Pradeep Sen , Iuri Frosio

World-wide-web, with the website and webpage as the main interface, facilitates the dissemination of important information. Hence it is crucial to optimize them for better user interaction, which is primarily done by analyzing users'…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-09 Ciheng Zhang , Decky Aspandi , Steffen Staab

Gaze-tracking is a novel way of interacting with computers which allows new scenarios, such as enabling people with motor-neuron disabilities to control their computers or doctors to interact with patient information without touching screen…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Jatin Sharma , Jon Campbell , Pete Ansell , Jay Beavers , Christopher O'Dowd

A user's eyes provide means for Human Computer Interaction (HCI) research as an important modal. The time to time scientific explorations of the eye has already seen an upsurge of the benefits in HCI applications from gaze estimation to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Atul Sahay , Imon Mukherjee , Kavi Arya

This manuscript investigates and proposes a visual gaze tracker that tackles the problem using only an ordinary web camera and no prior knowledge in any sense (scene set-up, camera intrinsic and/or extrinsic parameters). The tracker we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-30 Kalin Stefanov

Efficiency and ease of use are essential for practical applications of camera based eye/gaze-tracking. Gaze tracking involves estimating where a person is looking on a screen based on face images from a computer-facing camera. In this paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Amogh Gudi , Xin Li , Jan van Gemert

Estimating eye-gaze from images alone is a challenging task, in large parts due to un-observable person-specific factors. Achieving high accuracy typically requires labeled data from test users which may not be attainable in real…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Seonwook Park , Emre Aksan , Xucong Zhang , Otmar Hilliges

This study proposes a few-shot personalized saliency prediction method that leverages interpersonal gaze patterns. Unlike general saliency maps, personalized saliency maps (PSMs) capture individual visual attention and provide insights into…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-30 Yuya Moroto , Keisuke Maeda , Takahiro Ogawa , Miki Haseyama

Visual Attention Models (VAMs) predict the location of an image or video regions that are most likely to attract human attention. Although saliency detection is well explored for 2D image and video content, there are only few attempts made…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-03-14 Amin Banitalebi-Dehkordi , Eleni Nasiopoulos , Mahsa T. Pourazad , Panos Nasiopoulos

This paper addresses the challenging problem of estimating the general visual attention of people in images. Our proposed method is designed to work across multiple naturalistic social scenarios and provides a full picture of the subject's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-30 Eunji Chong , Nataniel Ruiz , Yongxin Wang , Yun Zhang , Agata Rozga , James Rehg

Over the past few years, there has been an increasing interest to interpret gaze direction in an unconstrained environment with limited supervision. Owing to data curation and annotation issues, replicating gaze estimation method to other…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Shreya Ghosh , Abhinav Dhall , Jarrod Knibbe , Munawar Hayat

With advancements in AI, new gaze estimation methods are exceeding state-of-the-art (SOTA) benchmarks, but their real-world application reveals a gap with commercial eye-tracking solutions. Factors like model size, inference time, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Eduardo Davalos , Yike Zhang , Namrata Srivastava , Yashvitha Thatigotla , Jorge A. Salas , Sara McFadden , Sun-Joo Cho , Amanda Goodwin , Ashwin TS , Gautam Biswas

In this paper a review is presented of the research on eye gaze estimation techniques and applications, that has progressed in diverse ways over the past two decades. Several generic eye gaze use-cases are identified: desktop, TV,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-08-08 Anuradha Kar , Peter Corcoran

Eye-tracking technology is an integral component of new display devices such as virtual and augmented reality headsets. Applications of gaze information range from new interaction techniques exploiting eye patterns to gaze-contingent…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Elena Arabadzhiyska , Cara Tursun , Hans-Peter Seidel , Piotr Didyk

As human eyes serve as conduits of rich information, unveiling emotions, intentions, and even aspects of an individual's health and overall well-being, gaze tracking also enables various human-computer interaction applications, as well as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Sikai Yang , Wan Du

Event-based cameras are becoming a popular solution for efficient, low-power eye tracking. Due to the sparse and asynchronous nature of event data, they require less processing power and offer latencies in the microsecond range. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Andrea Aspesi , Andrea Simpsi , Aaron Tognoli , Simone Mentasti , Luca Merigo , Matteo Matteucci

This paper presents a low-cost eye-tracker aimed at carrying out tests based on a Visual Paired Comparison protocol for the early detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment. The proposed eye-tracking system is based on machine learning…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Danilo Greco , Francesco Masulli , Stefano Rovetta , Alberto Cabri , Davide Daffonchio

With the success of modern internet based platform, such as Amazon Mechanical Turk, it is now normal to collect a large number of hand labeled samples from non-experts. The Dawid- Skene algorithm, which is based on Expectation- Maximization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-11 Changbo Zhu , Huan Xu , Shuicheng Yan

With the rapid development and widespread application of VR/AR technology, maximizing the quality of immersive panoramic video services that match users' personal preferences and habits has become a long-standing challenge. Understanding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Yutong Xu , Junhao Du , Jiahe Wang , Yuwei Ning , Sihan Zhou Yang Cao

Technical progress in hardware and software enables us to record gaze data in everyday situations and over long time spans. Among a multitude of research opportunities, this technology enables visualization researchers to catch a glimpse…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Maurice Koch , Kuno Kurzhals , Michael Burch , Daniel Weiskopf