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Novel techniques are currently being developed and established for the accurate chemical analysis and detection of single cancer cells, single embryos and single seeds by Fourier Transform Near Infrared (FT-NIR) Microspectroscopy, Fourier…
Observing the individual building blocks of matter is one of the primary goals of microscopy. The invention of the scanning tunneling microscope [1] revolutionized experimental surface science in that atomic-scale features on a solid-state…
The detection of biomolecules at the single molecular level have important applications in the fields of biosensing and biomedical diagnosis. Solid state nanopore (SS-nanopore) is an effective tool to perform the single molecular detection,…
FRET-based approaches are a unique tool for sensing the immediate surroundings and interactions of (bio)molecules. FRET imaging and FLIM (Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy) enable the visualization of the spatial distribution of…
We report on the characterization of a superconducting nanowire detector for ions at low kinetic energies. We measure the absolute single particle detection efficiency $\eta$ and trace its increase with energy up to $\eta = 100$ %. We…
Future optical quantum networks could benefit from single photons that couple well to atoms, for realizing, e.g., quantum memories and deterministic photonic gates. However, the efficient generation of such photons remains a difficult…
Superconducting single photon detectors (SSPD) based on nanopatterned niobium nitride wires offer single photon counting at fast rates, low jitter, and low dark counts, from visible wavelengths well into the infrared. We demonstrate the…
We show that combining vibrational spectroscopy with signal processing can result in a scheme for ultrasensitive detection of molecules. We consider the vibrational spectrum as a signal on the energy axis and apply a matched filter on that…
Isolating single molecules in the solid state has allowed fundamental experiments in basic and applied sciences. When cooled down to liquid helium temperature, certain molecules show transition lines, that are tens of megahertz wide,…
The pioneering experiments of linear spectroscopy were performed using flames in the 1800s, but nonlinear optical measurements had to wait until lasers became available in the twentieth century. Because the nonlinear cross section of…
The development of a robust light source that emits one photon at a time is an outstanding challenge in quantum science and technology. Here, at the transition from many to single photon optical communication systems, fully quantum…
Single-molecule approaches to biology offer a powerful new vision to elucidate the mechanisms that underpin the functioning of living cells. However, conventional optical single molecule spectroscopy techniques such as F\"orster…
Single organic molecules offer great promise as bright, reliable sources of identical single photons on demand, capable of integration into solid-state devices. It has been proposed that such molecules in a crystalline organic matrix might…
Single photon sources with high brightness and subnanosecond lifetimes are key components for quantum technologies. Optical nanoantennas can enhance the emission properties of single quantum emitters, but this approach requires accurate…
Label-free biosensors are important tools for clinical diagnostics and for studying biology at the single molecule level. The development of optical label-free sensors has allowed extreme sensitivity, but can expose the biological sample to…
The detection of individual photons is an inherently binary mechanism, revealing either their absence or presence while concealing their spectral information. For multi-color imaging techniques, such as single photon spectroscopy,…
The development of single-photon sources has been nothing but rapid in recent years, with quantum emitter-based systems showing especially impressive progress. In this article, we give an overview of the developments in single-photon…
In atomic and molecular phase measurements using laser-induced fluorescence detection, optical cycling can enhance the effective photon detection efficiency and hence improve sensitivity. We show that detecting many photons per atom or…
Aberrations and multiple scattering in biological tissues critically distort light beams into highly complex speckle patterns. In this regard, digital optical phase conjugation (DOPC) is a promising technique enabling in-depth focusing.…
Single-molecule tracking is a powerful way to look at the dynamic organization of plasma membranes. However, there are some limitations to its use. For example, it was recently observed, using numerical simulation, that time-averaging…