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We consider the model of population protocols introduced by Angluin et al., in which anonymous finite-state agents stably compute a predicate of the multiset of their inputs via two-way interactions in the all-pairs family of communication…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Dana Angluin , James Aspnes , David Eisenstat , Eric Ruppert

In many applications of multi-agent systems (MAS), a set of leader agents acts as a control input to the remaining follower agents. In this paper, we introduce an analytical approach to selecting leader agents in order to minimize the total…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2012-08-07 Andrew Clark , Linda Bushnell , Radha Poovendran

The population protocol model was introduced by Angluin \emph{et al.} as a model of passively mobile anonymous finite-state agents. This model computes a predicate on the multiset of their inputs via interactions by pairs. The original…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-02-12 Olivier Bournez , Johanne Cohen , Mikaël Rabie

Population protocols have been introduced by Angluin et al. as a model of networks consisting of very limited mobile agents that interact in pairs but with no control over their own movement. A collection of anonymous agents, modeled by…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2011-09-22 Olivier Bournez , Jérémie Chalopin , Johanne Cohen , Xavier Koegler , Mikael Rabie

Reaching consensus among states of a multi-agent system is a key requirement for many distributed control/optimization problems. Such a consensus is often achieved using the standard Laplacian matrix (for continuous system) or Perron matrix…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-07-25 Zheming Wang , Chong Jin Ong

We consider \emph{plurality consensus} in a network of $n$ nodes. Initially, each node has one of $k$ opinions. The nodes execute a (randomized) distributed protocol to agree on the plurality opinion (the opinion initially supported by the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-02-04 Petra Berenbrink , Tom Friedetzky , Peter Kling , Frederik Mallmann-Trenn , Chris Wastell

We introduce PopuLoRA, a population-based asymmetric self-play framework for reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) post-training of LLMs. Teachers and students are specialised LoRA adapters on a shared frozen base: teachers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Roger Creus Castanyer , Geoffrey Bradway , Lorenz Wolf , Maxwill Lin , Augustine N. Mavor-Parker , Matthew James Sargent

We study a \emph{Plurality-Consensus} process in which each of $n$ anonymous agents of a communication network initially supports an opinion (a color chosen from a finite set $[k]$). Then, in every (synchronous) round, each agent can revise…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-07-28 Luca Becchetti , Andrea Clementi , Emanuele Natale , Francesco Pasquale , Riccardo Silvestri , Luca Trevisan

Studying distributed computing through the lens of algebraic topology has been the source of many significant breakthroughs during the last two decades, especially in the design of lower bounds or impossibility results for deterministic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Pierre Fraigniaud , Ran Gelles , Zvi Lotker

We are interested in assigning a pre-specified number of nodes as leaders in order to minimize the mean-square deviation from consensus in stochastically forced networks. This problem arises in several applications including control of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-12-11 Fu Lin , Makan Fardad , Mihailo R. Jovanović

Self-stabilizing protocols enable distributed systems to recover correct behavior starting from any arbitrary configuration. In particular, when processors communicate by message passing, fake messages may be placed in communication links…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-14 Lélia Blin , Anaïs Durand , Sébastien Tixeuil

We consider the fundamental problem of assigning distinct labels to agents in the probabilistic model of population protocols. Our protocols operate under the assumption that the size $n$ of the population is embedded in the transition…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Leszek Gasieniec , Jesper Jansson , Christos Levcopoulos , Andrzej Lingas

The Population Protocol model is a distributed model that concerns systems of very weak computational entities that cannot control the way they interact. The model of Network Constructors is a variant of Population Protocols capable of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-12-10 Othon Michail , Paul G. Spirakis

We consider the \emph{exact plurality consensus} problem for \emph{population protocols}. Here, $n$ anonymous agents start each with one of $k$ opinions. Their goal is to agree on the initially most frequent opinion (the \emph{plurality…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Gregor Bankhamer , Petra Berenbrink , Felix Biermeier , Robert Elsässer , Hamed Hosseinpour , Dominik Kaaser , Peter Kling

This paper considers a localized data-driven consensus problem for leader-follower multi-agent systems with unknown discrete-time agent dynamics, where each follower computes its local control gain using only their locally collected state…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-24 Zeze Chang , Junjie Jiao , Zhongkui Li

Extending well-structured transition systems to incorporate a probabilistic scheduling rule, we define a new class of stochastic well-structured transition systems that includes population protocols, chemical reaction networks, and many…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-25 James Aspnes

We study the design of one-to-one matching mechanisms that are strategy-proof for both sides and as stable as possible. Motivated by the impossibility result of Roth (1982), we formulate the mechanism design problem as a linear program that…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-02-04 Tohya Sugano

We study the problem of leader selection in leader-follower multi-agent systems that are subject to stochastic disturbances. This problem arises in applications such as vehicle formation control, distributed clock synchronization, and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-10-27 Stacy Patterson

The stable allocation problem is one of the broadest extensions of the well-known stable marriage problem. In an allocation problem, edges of a bipartite graph have capacities and vertices have quotas to fill. Here we investigate the case…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-07-14 Agnes Cseh , Martin Skutella

Population-based learning paradigms, including evolutionary strategies, Population-Based Training (PBT), and recent model-merging methods, combine fast within-model optimisation with slower population-level adaptation. Despite their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Giacomo Borghi , Hyesung Im , Lorenzo Pareschi