Related papers: Basics of Low-temperature Refrigeration
Low temperature analysis of nonequilibrium systems requires finding the states with the longest lifetime and that are most accessible from other states. We determine these dominant states for a one-dimensional diffusive lattice gas subject…
This paper describes results on R&D of an economical and efficient cryogenic system prototype for future liquid xenon detector. The test module of the prototype has a "cold head" attached to a copper rod, which is specially designed to…
This review gives a critical assessment of the current state of lattice simulations of QCD thermodynamics and what it teaches us about hot hadronic matter. It outlines briefly lattice methods for studying QCD at nonzero temperature and zero…
Cryogenic CMOS technology (cryo-CMOS) offers a scalable solution for quantum device interface fabrication. Several previous works have studied the characterization of CMOS technology at cryogenic temperatures for various process nodes.…
Low-temperature systems play a vital role in a variety of scientific research applications, including the next generation of cosmology and astrophysics telescopes. More ambitious cryogenic applications require precise estimates of the…
Improved accessibility to the microkelvin temperature regime is important for future research in quantum materials; for quantum information science; and for applications of quantum sensors. Here we report the design and performance of a…
In this article we summarize experimental work on cryogen-free 3He/4He dilution refrigerators which, in addition to the dilution refrigeration circuit, are equipped with a 4He-1K-stage. This type of DR becomes worth considering when high…
The rate of temperature decrease of a cooled quantum bath is studied as its temperature is reduced to the absolute zero. The III-law of thermodynamics is then quantified dynamically by evaluating the characteristic exponent {\zeta} of the…
Heat dissipation in current-carrying cryogenic nanostructures is problematic because the phonon density of states decreases strongly as energy decreases. We show that the Coulomb interaction can prove a valuable resource for carrier cooling…
Atomic-resolution cryogenic scanning transmission electron microscopy (cryo-STEM) has provided a path to probing the microscopic nature of select low-temperature phases in quantum materials. Expanding cryo-STEM techniques to broadly tunable…
Thermal operations are an operational model of non-equilibrium quantum thermodynamics. In the absence of coherence between energy levels, exact state transition conditions under thermal operations are known in terms of a mathematical…
A novel power-efficient analog buffer at liquid helium temperature is proposed. The proposed circuit is based on an input stage consisting of two complementary differential pairs to achieve rail-to-rail level tracking. Results of simulation…
This paper presents the first experimental investigation and physical discussion of the cryogenic behavior of a commercial 28 nm bulk CMOS technology. Here we extract the fundamental physical parameters of this technology at 300, 77 and 4.2…
Current methods to describe the thermodynamic behavior of many-particle systems are often based on perturbation theory with an unperturbed system consisting of free particles. Therefore, only a few methods are able to describe both strongly…
This paper presents the characterization of microwave passive components, including metal-oxide-metal (MoM) capacitors, transformers, and resonators, at deep cryogenic temperature (4.2 K). The variations in capacitance, inductance and…
We describe a helium evaporation refrigerator used to cool dynamically polarized proton and deuteron targets for electron-scattering experiments using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer CLAS12 at Jefferson Lab. The geometry of the…
Controlling polarisation directly at low temperature is crucial for development of optical spectroscopy techniques at sub-Kelvin temperatures, for example, in a hybrid scheme where light is fed into and collected in the cryostat by fibres…
Low-temperature scanning probe microscopes (SPMs) are critical for the study of quantum materials and quantum information science. Due to the rising costs of helium, cryogen-free cryostats have become increasingly desirable. However, they…
The extension of thermodynamics into the quantum regime has received much attention in recent years. A primary objective of current research is to find thermodynamic tasks which can be enhanced by quantum mechanical effects. With this goal…
Temperature below 100 microKelvin is achieved in a customized cryogen-free dilution refrigerator with a copper-nuclear demagnetization stage. The lowest temperature of conduction electrons of the demagnetization stage is below 100…