Related papers: Basics of Low-temperature Refrigeration
Developing the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of friction is required for systematic design of low friction surfaces for a broad range of technological applications. Intuitively, the thermodynamic work done by a material sliding along a…
A superconductor/normal metal/superconductor Josephson junction is a coherent electron system where the thermodynamic entropy depends on temperature and phase difference across the weak-link. Here, exploiting the phase-temperature…
PROCESS is a reactor systems code - it assesses the engineering and economic viability of a hypothetical fusion power station using simple models of all parts of a reactor system. PROCESS allows the user to choose which constraints to…
Power electronics systems, widely used in various applications such as industrial automation, electric cars, and renewable energy, have the primary function of converting and controlling electrical power to the desired type of load. Despite…
Cooling systems based on the caloric effects of ferroic materials show high potential for various cooling and heat-pumping applications due to their potentially high efficiencies and the lack of any environmentally hazardous refrigerants.…
We study the phenomenon of absorption refrigeration, where refrigeration is achieved by heating instead of work, in two different setups: a minimal set up based on coupled qubits, and two non-linearly coupled resonators. Considering ZZ…
Models for quantum absorption refrigerators serve as test beds for exploring concepts and developing methods in quantum thermodynamics. Here, we depart from the minimal, ideal design and consider a generic multilevel model for a quantum…
Glass-forming liquids have only a modest tendency to crystallize and hence their dynamics can be studied even below the melting temperature. The relaxation dynamics of most of these liquids shows at a temperature $T_c$, somewhat above the…
We present measurements of the low temperature thermal conductivity for materials useful in the construction of cryogenic supports for scientific instrumentation and in the fabrication of flat flexible cryogenic cabling. The materials we…
Thermal machines perform useful tasks--such as producing work, cooling, or heating--by exchanging energy, and possibly additional conserved quantities such as particles, with reservoirs. Here we consider thermal machines that perform more…
In these lecture notes, the basic principles of stochastic thermodynamics are developed starting with a closed system in contact with a heat bath. A trajectory undergoes Markovian transitions between observable meso-states that correspond…
The aim of this Tutorial is to present the basic mathematical techniques required for an accurate description of cold trapped atoms, both Bose and Fermi. The term {\it cold} implies that considered temperatures are low, such that quantum…
We have described here the design and operation of an automated ac susceptibility set up using a closed cycle helium refrigerator. This set up is useful for measuring linear and nonlinear magnetic susceptibilities of various magnetic…
In studies of the QCD deconfining phase transition or crossover by means of heavy ion experiments, one ought to be concerned about non-equilibrium effects due to heating and cooling of the system. Motivated by this, we look at hysteresis…
Finite-temperature calculations are relevant for rationalizing material properties yet they are computationally expensive because large system sizes or long simulation times are typically required. Circumventing the need for performing many…
The Variation After Projection approach is applied for the first time to the pairing hamiltonian to describe the thermodynamics of small systems with fixed particle number. The minimization of the free energy is made by a direct…
Joule heat generated by resistive elements of cryogenic micro- and nanodevices often originates boiling of the cooling cryogenic liquids (helium, nitrogen). The article proposes an experimental method to explore the dynamics of the…
The energy transfer among the components in a gas determines its fate. Especially at low temperatures, inelastic collisions drive the cooling and the heating mechanisms. In the early Universe as well as in zero- or low- metallicity…
Observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background rely on cryogenic instrumentation with cold detectors, readout, and optics providing the low noise performance and instrumental stability required to make more sensitive measurements. It is…
We describe a liquid-cryogen free cryostat with ultra-low vibration levels which allows for continuous operation of a torsion balance at cryogenic temperatures. The apparatus uses a commercially available two-stage pulse-tube cooler and…