Related papers: Universal test for Hippocratic randomness
In coding and information theory, it is desirable to construct maximal codes that can be either variable length codes or error control codes of fixed length. However deciding code maximality boils down to deciding whether a given NFA is…
This paper develops an empirical likelihood approach to testing for the presence of stochastic ordering among univariate distributions based on independent random samples from each distribution. The proposed test statistic is formed by…
A concept of randomness for infinite time register machines (ITRMs), resembling Martin-L\"of-randomness, is defined and studied. In particular, we show that for this notion of randomness, computability from mutually random reals implies…
A new number system, the set of the non-Dedekindian numbers, is introduced and characterized axiomatically. It is then proved that any hypercontinous hyperreal number system is strictly included in the set of the Non-Dedekindian Numbers.…
General probabilistic theories are designed to provide operationally the most general probabilistic models including both classical and quantum theories. In this letter, we introduce a systematic method to construct a series of entropies,…
An a priori semimeasure (also known as "algorithmic probability" or "the Solomonoff prior" in the context of inductive inference) is defined as the transformation, by a given universal monotone Turing machine, of the uniform measure on the…
We first establish a general random Sperner lemma by presenting a completely new approach for the theory of $L^{0}$-simplicial subdivisions of $L^{0}$-simplexes. Based on this, we are able to achieve a new complete proof of the random…
A likelihood order is defined over linear subspaces of a finite dimensional Hilbert space. It is shown that such an order that satisfies some plausible axioms can be represented by a quantum probability in two cases: pure state and uniform…
For random samples of size n obtained from p-variate normal distributions, we consider the classical likelihood ratio tests (LRT) for their means and covariance matrices in the high-dimensional setting. These test statistics have been…
Outlier hypothesis testing is studied in a universal setting. Multiple sequences of observations are collected, a small subset of which are outliers. A sequence is considered an outlier if the observations in that sequence are distributed…
Let $\xi_0,\xi_1,...$ be independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables such that $\E \log (1+|\xi_0|)<\infty$. We consider random analytic functions of the form $$ G_n(z)=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \xi_k f_{k,n} z^k, $$ where…
In a prequential approach to algorithmic randomness, probabilities for the next outcome can be forecast `on the fly' without the need for fully specifying a probability measure on all possible sequences of outcomes, as is the case in the…
The proliferation of probable prime tests in recent years has produced a plethora of definitions with the word ``pseudoprime'' in them. Examples include pseudoprimes, Euler pseudoprimes, strong pseudoprimes, Lucas pseudoprimes, strong Lucas…
In this note we discuss uniform integrability of random variables. In a probability space, we introduce two new notions on uniform integrability of random variables, and prove that they are equivalent to the classic one. In a sublinear…
We introduce a notion of universal preparability for a state of a system, more precisely: for a normal state on a von Neumann algebra. It describes a situation where from an arbitrary initial state it is possible to prepare a target state…
The classical problem of maximizing the Shannon entropy of a sum of independent random variables supported on a finite alphabet is considered and settled in the ternary case. Namely, the following theorem is established: if…
The notion of probability plays an important role in almost all areas of science and technology. In modern mathematics, however, probability theory means nothing other than measure theory, and the operational characterization of the notion…
A random set is a generalisation of a random variable, i.e. a set-valued random variable. The random set theory allows a unification of other uncertainty descriptions such as interval variable, mass belief function in Dempster-Shafer theory…
Classical probability theory supports probability measures, assigning a fixed positive real value to each event, these measures are far from satisfactory in formulating real-life occurrences. The main innovation of this paper is the…
The notion of belief likelihood function of repeated trials is introduced, whenever the uncertainty for individual trials is encoded by a belief measure (a finite random set). This generalises the traditional likelihood function, and…