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The energy of a simple graph $G$, denoted by $E(G)$, is defined as the sum of the absolute values of all eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. Denote by $C_n$ the cycle, and $P_n^{6}$ the unicyclic graph obtained by connecting a vertex of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-11-01 Bofeng Huo , Xueliang Li , Yongtang Shi

For a simple graph $G$, the energy $\mathcal{E}(G)$ is defined as the sum of the absolute values of all the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix $A(G)$. Let $n, m$, respectively, be the number of vertices and edges of $G$. One well-known…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-09-23 Xueliang Li , Yiyang Li , Yongtang Shi

Energy of a simple graph $G$, denoted by $\mathcal{E}(G)$, is the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of $G$. Two graphs with the same order and energy are called equienergetic graphs. A graph $G$ with the property $G\cong…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-08 Akbar Ali , Suresh Elumalai , Toufik Mansour , Mohammad Ali Rostami

Let $G$ be a graph on $n$ vertices with independence number $\alpha(G)$. Let $\mathcal{E}(G)$ be the energy of a graph, defined as the sum of the absolute values of the adjacency eigenvalues of $G$. Using Graffiti, Fajtlowicz conjectured in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-09 Aida Abiad , Gabriel Coutinho , Emanuel Juliano , Luuk Reijnders

The extended adjacency matrix of a graph with $n$ vertices is a real symmetric matrix of order $n\times n$ whose $(i,j)$-th entry is the average of the ratio of the degree of the vertex $i$ to that of the vertex $j$ and its reciprocal when…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-22 Abujafar Mandal , Sk. Md. Abu Nayeem

In this paper, we consider the Randi\'{c} energy $RE$ of simple connected graphs. We provide upper bounds for $RE$ in terms of the number of vertices and the nullity of the graph. We present families of graphs that satisfy the Conjecture…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-22 Luiz Emilio Allem , Gonzalo Molina , Adrián Pastine

The energy of a graph G is equal to the sum of absolute values of the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of G, whereas the Laplacian energy of a graph G is equal to the sum of the absolute value of the difference between the eigenvalues of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-01-10 Nilanjan De

For a graph $G$, let $S(G)$ be the Seidel matrix of $G$ and $\te_1(G),...,\te_n(G)$ be the eigenvalues of $S(G)$. The Seidel energy of $G$ is defined as $|\te_1(G)|+...+|\te_n(G)|$. Willem Haemers conjectured that the Seidel energy of any…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-01-03 Ebrahim Ghorbani

In this paper, we consider the average size of independent edge sets, also called matchings, in a graph. We characterize the extremal graphs for the average size of matchings in general graphs and trees. In addition, we obtain inequalities…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-26 Eric O. D. Andriantiana , Valisoa Razanajatovo Misanantenaina , Stephan Wagner

Let G be a simple graph on n vertices with vertex set V(G). The energy of G, denoted by, $\mathcal{E}(G)$ is the sum of all absolute values of the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix $A(G)$. It is the first eigenvalue-based topological…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-27 B. R. Rakshith , Kinkar Chandra Das , B. J. Manjunatha

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a simple connected graph. A matching of $G$ is a set of disjoint edges of $G$. For every $n, m\in\mathbb{N}$, the $n$-subdivision of $G$ is a simple graph $G^{\frac{1}{n}}$ which is constructed by replacing each edge of $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-04 Saeid Alikhani , Neda Soltani

We give a new inequality between the energy of a graph and a weighted sum over the edges of the graph. Using this inequality we prove that $\mathcal{E}(G)\geq 2R(H)$, where $ \mathcal{E}(G)$ is the energy of a graph $G$ and $R(H)$ is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-07 Gerardo Arizmendi , Diego Huerta

The energy of a graph is defined as the sum the absolute values of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. A threshold graph G on n vertices is coded by a binary sequence of length n. In this paper we answer a question posed by Jacobs et…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-03 Fernando Tura

Let $G$ be a simple connected graph on $n$ vertices, and let $\lambda_1(G),\lambda_2(G),\ldots,\lambda_n(G)$ be the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix $A(G)$. For $p>0$, define the $p$-energy of $G$ by $\mathcal E_p(G)=\sum_{i=1}^n…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-22 Yinchen Liu , Quanyu Tang

Counting maximum matchings in a graph is of great interest in statistical mechanics, solid-state chemistry, theoretical computer science, mathematics, among other disciplines. However, it is a challengeable problem to explicitly determine…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-26 Tingzeng Wu , Xiaolin Zeng , Huazhong Lv

The energy of a graph is the sum of the absolute values of its adjacency eigenvalues. For integral circulant graphs $\ICG(n,\mathcal{D})$ of order $n=p^2q^3$, where $p$ and $q$ are distinct odd primes, we prove that the adjacency…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-13 Diego Roldan

Let $G$ be a graph of order $n$ with adjacency matrix $A(G)$. The \textit{energy} of graph $G$, denoted by $\mathcal{E}(G)$, is defined as the sum of absolute value of eigenvalues of $A(G)$. It was conjectured that if $A(G)$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-12 Saieed Akbari , Hossein Dabirian , S. Mahmood Ghasemi

The graph $G_\sigma$ is obtained from graph $G$ by attaching self loops on $\sigma$ vertices. The energy $ E(G_\sigma)$ of the graph $G_\sigma$ with order $n$ and eigenvalues $\lambda_1,\lambda_2,\dots,\lambda_n$ is defined as $…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-22 Kalpesh M. Popat , Kunal R. Shingala

Call the sum of the singular values of a matrix A the energy of A. We investigate graphs and matrices of energy close to the maximal one. We prove a conjecture of Koolen and Moulten and give a stability theorem characterizing all square…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Vladimir Nikiforov

For a graph $G$, its energy $\mathcal{E}(G)$ is the sum of absolute values of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix, the matching number $\mu(G)$ is the number of edges in a maximum matching of $G$, while $\Delta$ is the maximum vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-01 Đorđe Stevanović , Ivan Damnjanović , Dragan Stevanović