English

Some New Results on Energy of Graphs with Self Loops

Combinatorics 2026-04-22 v1 Spectral Theory

Abstract

The graph GσG_\sigma is obtained from graph GG by attaching self loops on σ\sigma vertices. The energy E(Gσ) E(G_\sigma) of the graph GσG_\sigma with order nn and eigenvalues λ1,λ2,,λn\lambda_1,\lambda_2,\dots,\lambda_n is defined as E(Gσ)=i=1nλiσn E(G_\sigma)= \displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^n\left|\lambda_i-\dfrac{\sigma}{n}\right| . It has been proved that if σ=0  or  n\sigma=0\; or\; n then E(G)=E(Gσ) E(G)=E(G_\sigma) . The obvious question arise: Are there any graph such that E(G)=E(Gσ)E(G)=E(G_\sigma) and 0<σ<n<\sigma<n? We have found an affirmative answer of this question and contributed a graph family which satisfies this property.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2604.18651,
  title  = {Some New Results on Energy of Graphs with Self Loops},
  author = {Kalpesh M. Popat and Kunal R. Shingala},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.18651},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

Published in Journal of Mathematical Chemistry (2023)