English

Refinement of a conjecture on positive square energy of graphs

Combinatorics 2025-06-10 v1

Abstract

Let GG be a simple graph of order nn with eigenvalues λ1(G)λn(G)\lambda_1(G)\geq \cdots \geq \lambda_n(G). Define s+(G)=λi>0λi2(G),s(G)=λi<0λi2(G).s^+(G)=\sum_{\lambda_i >0} \lambda_i^2(G), \quad s^-(G)=\sum_{\lambda_i<0} \lambda_i^2(G). It was conjectured by Elphick, Farber, Goldberg and Wocjan that for every connected graph GG of order nn, s+(G)n1.s^+(G) \ge n-1. We verify this conjecture for graphs with domination number at most 2. We then strengthen the conjecture as follows: if GG is a connected graph of order nn and size mn+1m \geq n+1, then s+(G)ns^+(G) \geq n. We prove this conjecture for claw-free graphs and graphs with diameter 2.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2506.07264,
  title  = {Refinement of a conjecture on positive square energy of graphs},
  author = {Saieed Akbari and Hitesh Kumar and Bojan Mohar and Shivaramakrishna Pragada and Shengtong Zhang},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.07264},
  year   = {2025}
}