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A RAC-drawing of a graph is a straight-line drawing in which every crossing occurs at a right-angle. We show that deciding whether a graph has a RAC-drawing is as hard as the existential theory of the reals, even if we know that every edge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-28 Marcus Schaefer

We lift the SCL calculus for first-order logic without equality to the SCL(T) calculus for first-order logic without equality modulo a background theory. In a nutshell, the SCL(T) calculus describes a new way to guide hierarchic resolution…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Martin Bromberger , Alberto Fiori , Christoph Weidenbach

The state complexity of a regular language is the number of states in the minimal deterministic automaton accepting the language. The syntactic complexity of a regular language is the cardinality of its syntactic semigroup. The syntactic…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-10-19 Janusz Brzozowski , Yuli Ye

This paper introduces SGL, a graphics language that is aesthetically similar to SQL. As a graphical counterpart to SQL, SGL enables specification of statistical graphics within SQL query interfaces. SGL is based on a grammar of graphics…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Jon Chapman

Selecting a coherent sequence or subset of elements is a fundamental problem in structured prediction, arising in tasks such as detection, trajectory forecasting, and representative subset selection. In many such settings, the target is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Noam Mizrachi , Nadav Har-Tuv , Shai Shalev-Shwartz

'A semigroup is completely regular if and only if it is a union of groups'- an analogue of this structure theorem of completely regular semigroup has been obtained in the setting of seminearrings in [[16], Mukherjee (Pal) et al., Semigroup…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-07-10 Rajlaxmi Mukherjee , Tuhin Manna , Kamalika Chakraborty , Sujit Kumar Sardar

While large language models (LLMs) are generally considered proficient in generating language, how similar their language usage is to that of humans remains understudied. In this paper, we test whether models exhibit linguistic convergence,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Terra Blevins , Susanne Schmalwieser , Benjamin Roth

With approximately 7,000 languages spoken worldwide, current large language models (LLMs) support only a small subset. Prior research indicates LLMs can learn new languages for certain tasks without supervised data. We extend this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Zhaolin Li , Jan Niehues

The literature on word-representable graphs is quite rich, and a number of variations of the original definition have been proposed over the years. We are initiating a systematic study of such variations based on formal languages. In our…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Zhidan Feng , Henning Fernau , Pamela Fleischmann , Kevin Mann , Silas Cato Sacher

We show that every separable simple tracially approximately divisible $C^*$-algebra has strict comparison, is either purely infinite, or has stable rank one. As a consequence, we show that every (non-unital) finite simple ${\cal Z}$-stable…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2021-09-07 Xuanlong Fu , Kang Li , Huaxin Lin

Regular synchronization languages can be used to define rational relations of finite words, and to characterize subclasses of rational relations, like automatic or recognizable relations. We provide a systematic study of the decidability of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Christof Löding , Sarah Winter

Generalising a recent work of Dequ\^ene et al. on the connection between perfectly clustering words and band bricks over a particular family of gentle algebras, we characterise band bricks over string algebras whose underlying quiver is…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-09 Annoy Sengupta , Amit Kuber

While multilingual large language models generally perform adequately, and sometimes even rival English performance on high-resource languages (HRLs), they often significantly underperform on low-resource languages (LRLs). Among several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yilei Tu , Andrew Xue , Freda Shi

The separability problem for word languages of a class $\mathcal{C}$ by languages of a class $\mathcal{S}$ asks, for two given languages $I$ and $E$ from $\mathcal{C}$, whether there exists a language $S$ from $\mathcal{S}$ that includes…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Wojciech Czerwiński , Wim Martens , Lorijn van Rooijen , Marc Zeitoun , Georg Zetzsche

Given a set $F$ of words, one associates to each word $w$ in $F$ an undirected graph, called its extension graph, and which describes the possible extensions of $w$ on the left and on the right. We investigate the family of sets of words…

Let $k\ge 2$. We prove that the characteristic sequence of a regular language over a $k$-letter alphabet is $k$-automatic. More generally, if $t\ge 2$ and $t,k$ are multiplicatively dependent, we show that the characteristic sequence of a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Michel Rigo , Robert Underwood

An almost abelian Lie group is a solvable Lie group with a codimension-one normal abelian subgroup. We characterize almost Hermitian structures on almost abelian Lie groups where the almost complex structure is harmonic with respect to the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2024-08-15 Adrián Andrada , Alejandro Tolcachier

The syntactic complexity of a regular language is the cardinality of its syntactic semigroup. The syntactic complexity of a subclass of the class of regular languages is the maximal syntactic complexity of languages in that class, taken as…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Janusz Brzozowski , Baiyu Li

In this paper, we study a series of algorithmic problems related to the subsequences occurring in the strings of a given language, under the assumption that this language is succinctly represented by a grammar generating it, or an automaton…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Szilárd Zsolt Fazekas , Tore Koß , Florin Manea , Robert Mercaş , Timo Specht

We introduce Church, a universal language for describing stochastic generative processes. Church is based on the Lisp model of lambda calculus, containing a pure Lisp as its deterministic subset. The semantics of Church is defined in terms…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2014-07-16 Noah Goodman , Vikash Mansinghka , Daniel M. Roy , Keith Bonawitz , Joshua B. Tenenbaum
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