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We investigate the evolution of the Raman spectrum of defected graphene as a function of doping. Polymer electrolyte gating allows us to move the Fermi level up to 0.7eV, as monitored by \textit{in-situ} Hall-effect measurements. For a…

Materials Science · Physics 2014-10-14 M. Bruna , A. K. Ott , M. Ijas , D. Yoon , U. Sassi , A. C. Ferrari

We have investigated the effects of ozone treatment on graphene by Raman scattering. Sequential ozone short-exposure cycles resulted in increasing the $p$ doping levels as inferred from the blue shift of the 2$D$ and $G$ peak frequencies,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 F. Alzina , H. Tao , J. Moser , Y. Garcia , A. Bachtold , C. M. Sotomayor-Torres

Raman spectroscopy is a fast, non-destructive means to characterize graphene samples. In particular, the Raman spectra show a significant dependence on doping. While the change in position and width of the G peak can be explained by the…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-05-13 D. M. Basko , S. Piscanec , A. C. Ferrari

We report a comprehensive micro-Raman scattering study of electrochemically-gated graphene field-effect transistors. The geometrical capacitance of the electrochemical top-gates is accurately determined from dual-gated Raman measurements,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-08-08 Guillaume Froehlicher , Stéphane Berciaud

Here we use pristine graphene samples in order to analyze how the Raman peaks intensity, measured at 2.4 eV and 1.96 eV excitation energy, changes with the amount of doping. The use of pristine graphene allows investigating the intensity…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 C. Casiraghi

We report strong variations in the Raman spectra for different single-layer graphene samples obtained by micromechanical cleavage, which reveals the presence of excess charges, even in the absence of intentional doping. Doping…

Materials Science · Physics 2008-01-07 C. Casiraghi , S. Pisana , K. S. Novoselov , A. K. Geim , A. C. Ferrari

We present low-temperature Raman measurements on gate tunable graphene encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride, which allows to study in detail the Raman G and 2D mode frequencies and line widths as function of the charge carrier density.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Jens Sonntag , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Taniguchi , Bernd Beschoten , Christoph Stampfer

Strong electron-phonon interaction which limits electronic mobility of semiconductors can also have significant effects on phonon frequencies. The latter is the key to the use of Raman spectroscopy for nondestructive characterization of…

An experimental study of Raman scattering in N-layer graphene as a function of the top layer doping is reported. At high doping level, achieved by a CHF_3 plasma treatment, we observe a splitting of the $G$ band in the spectra of bilayer…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2010-03-23 M. Bruna , S. Borini

Graphene phonons are measured as a function of electron doping via the addition of potassium adatoms. In the low doping regime, the in-plane carbon G-peak hardens and narrows with increasing doping, analogous to the trend seen in graphene…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 C. A. Howard , M. P. M. Dean , F. Withers

We demonstrate electrochemical top gating of graphene by using a solid polymer electrolyte. This allows to reach much higher electron and hole doping than standard back gating. In-situ Raman measurements monitor the doping. The G peak…

Raman Spectroscopy is able to probe disorder in graphene through defect-activated peaks. It is of great interest to link these features to the nature of disorder. Here we present a detailed analysis of the Raman spectra of graphene…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2012-07-10 Axel Eckmann , Alexandre Felten , Artem Mishchenko , Liam Britnell , Ralph Krupke , Kostya S. Novoselov , Cinzia Casiraghi

We report phonon renormalisation in bilayer graphene as a function of doping. The Raman G peak stiffens and sharpens for both electron and hole doping, as a result of the non-adiabatic Kohn anomaly at the $\Gamma$ point. The bilayer has two…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 A. Das , B. Chakraborty , S. Piscanec , S. Pisana , A. K. Sood , A. C. Ferrari

Graphene is an ideal platform to study the coherence of quantum interference pathways by tuning doping or laser excitation energy. The latter produces a Raman excitation profile that provides direct insight into the lifetimes of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-01-24 Xue Chen , Sven Reichardt , Miao-Ling Lin , Yu-Chen Leng , Yan Lu , Heng Wu , Rui Mei , Ludger Wirtz , Xin Zhang , Andrea C. Ferrari , Ping-Heng Tan

Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for characterizing the local properties of graphene. Here, we introduce a method for evaluating unknown strain configurations and simultaneous doping. It relies on separating the effects of hydrostatic…

We report a study of graphene and graphene field effect devices after exposure to a series of short pulses of oxygen plasma. We present data from Raman spectroscopy, back-gated field-effect and magneto-transport measurements. The intensity…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2011-02-15 Isaac Childres , Luis A. Jauregui , Jifa Tian , Yong P. Chen

Avoiding charge density fluctuations and impurities in graphene is vital for high-quality graphene-based devices. Traditional characterization methods require device fabrication and electrical transport measurements, which are…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-08-30 Zhuofa Chen , Nathan Ullberg , Mounika Vutukuru , David Barton , Anna K Swan

The unique properties of graphene offer immense opportunities for applications to many scientific fields, as well as societal needs, beyond our present imagination. One of the important features of graphene is the relatively simple…

Materials Science · Physics 2018-04-27 Otakar Frank , Mildred S. Dresselhaus , Martin Kalbac

We present a Raman study of Ar(+)-bombarded graphene samples with increasing ion doses. This allows us to have a controlled, increasing, amount of defects. We find that the ratio between the D and G peak intensities for a given defect…

Raman spectroscopy, a fast and nondestructive imaging method, can be used to monitor the doping level in graphene devices. We fabricated chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown graphene on atomically flat hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) flakes…

Materials Science · Physics 2013-12-09 Kanokporn Chattrakun , Shengqiang Huang , K. Watanabe , T. Taniguchi , A. Sandhu , B. J. LeRoy
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