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The integrated low-level trigger and data acquisition (TDAQ) system of the NA62 experiment at CERN is described. The requirements of a large and fast data reduction in a high-rate environment for a medium-scale, distributed ensemble of many…

This paper presents the design and testing of a time-stretching-based time-to-digital converter (TDC) implemented with discrete components. The TDC utilizes capacitor charging and discharging to achieve a time resolution of under 100 ps…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-06-23 Yanbo Chu , Zhicai Zhang

Time to Digital Converters (TDCs) are very common devices in particles physics experiments. A lot of "off-the-shelf" TDCs can be employed but the necessity of a custom DAta acQuisition (DAQ) system makes the TDCs implemented on the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-09-07 A. Balla , M. Beretta , P. Ciambrone , M. Gatta , F. Gonnella , L. Iafolla , M. Mascolo , R. Messi , D. Moricciani , D. Riondino

Time-to-digital converters (TDCs) are used in various fields, including high-energy physics. One advantage of implementing TDCs in field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) is the flexibility on the modification of the logics, which is useful…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-01-29 Yuta Sano , Yasuyuki Horii , Masahiro Ikeno , Osamu Sasaki , Makoto Tomoto , Tomohisa Uchida

Time-digital Converter (TDC) aims to measure the arrival time of the leading edge of the pulse signal. Our recent work presented a high resolution multi-phase TDC based on the Kintex-7 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device. A simple…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-12-30 Xue Dong , Cong Ma , Xiaokun Zhao , Xing Li , Zhenqiang Huang

A new TDC chip has been developed for the COMPASS experiment at CERN. The resulting ASIC offers an unprecedented degree of flexibility and functionality. Its capability to handle highest hit and trigger input rates as well as its low power…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2007-05-23 G. Braun , H. Fischer , J. Franz , A. Grunemaier , F. H. Heinsius , L. Hennig , K. Konigsmann , M. Niebuhr , M. Schierloh , T. Schmidt , H. Schmitt , H. J. Urban

We describe an FPGA-based, 96-channel, time-to-digital converter (TDC) intended for use with the Central Outer Tracker (COT) in the CDF Experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron. The COT system is digitized and read out by 315 TDC cards, each…

In this paper we present a novel high-resolution multi-channel FPGA-based time-to-digital converter (TDC). We designed and implemented a complex electronic circuit on the FPGA, whose overall accuracy is several orders of magnitude greater…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Balazs Jakli , Adam Rak , Gyorgy Cserey

The NA62 experiment is designed to measure the ultra-rare decay $K^+ \rightarrow \pi^+ \nu \bar{\nu}$ branching ratio with a precision of $\sim 10\%$ at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). The trigger system of NA62 consists in three…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-05-23 Dario Soldi , Stefano Chiozzi

A high precision and high resolution time-to-digital converter (TDC) implemented in a 40 nm fabrication process Virtex-6 FPGA is presented in this paper. The multi-chain measurements averaging architecture is used to overcome the resolution…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-11-17 Qi Shen , Shubin Liu , Binxiang Qi , Qi An , Shengkai Liao , Chengzhi Peng , Weiyue Liu

A new TDC-chip is under development for the COMPASS experiment at CERN. The ASIC, which exploits the 0.6 micrometer CMOS sea-of-gate technology, will allow high resolution time measurements with digitization of 75 ps, and an unprecedented…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2007-05-23 G. Braun , H. Fischer , J. Franz , A. Grunemaier , F. H. Heinsius , K. Konigsmann , M. Schierloh , T. Schmidt , H. Schmitt , H. J. Urban

This study presents a novel field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) design suitable for high timing resolution applications, utilizing two new techniques. First, a cross-detection (CD) method is introduced…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-10-15 Daehee Lee , Minseok Yi , Sun Il Kwon

We present the design and test results of a Time-to-Digital-Converter (TDC). The TDC will be a part of the readout ASIC, called ETROC, to read out Low-Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) for the CMS Endcap Timing Layer (ETL) of High-Luminosity…

Over the last few years the GPGPU (General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units) paradigm represented a remarkable development in the world of computing. Computing for High-Energy Physics is no exception: several works have…

Time-to-Digital Converters (TDCs) are a crucial tool in a wide array of fields, in particular for quantum communication, where time taggers performance can severely affect the quality of the entire application. Nowadays, FPGA-based TDCs…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-26 Matías Rubén Bolaños , Daniele Vogrig , Paolo Villoresi , Giuseppe Vallone , Andrea Stanco

The GANDALF 6U-VME64x/VXS module has been designed to cope with a variety of readout tasks in high energy and nuclear physics experiments, in particular the COMPASS experiment at CERN. The exchangeable mezzanine cards allow for an…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2012-10-08 Maximilian Büchele , Horst Fischer , Florian Herrmann , Kay Königsmann , Christian Schill , Sebastian Schopferer

The NA62 experiment at CERN targets the measurement of the ultra-rare $K^{+} \to \pi^{+}\nu\bar{\nu}$ decay, and carries out a broad physics programme that includes probes for symmetry violations and searches for exotic particles. Data were…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2023-03-10 The NA62 Collaboration

A 16-channel digital TDC chip has been built for the DIRC Cherenkov counter of the BaBar experiment at the SLAC B-factory (Stanford, USA). The binning is 0.5 ns, the conversion time 32 ns and the full-scale 32 mus. The data driven…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2009-10-31 P. Bailly , J. Chauveau , J. F. Genat , J. F. Huppert , H. Lebbolo , L. Roos , B. Zhang

This paper presents the Forward Time Projection Chamber (FTPC) system of the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS accelerator. This TPC system applies a novel tandem-TPC design to reduce the background originating from particle tracks not…

For TOF positron emission tomography (TOF PET) detectors, time-to-digital converters (TDCs) are essential to resolve the coincidence time of the photon pairs. Recently, an efficient TDC structure called ring-oscillator-based (RO-based)…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-06-12 Ke Cui , Xiangyu Li , Zongkai Liu , Rihong Zhu
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