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The precise control of complex quantum systems promises numerous technological applications including digital quantum computing. The complexity of such devices renders the certification of their correct functioning a challenge. To address…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-21 Martin Kliesch , Ingo Roth

Consider the task of verifying that a given quantum device, designed to produce a particular entangled state, does indeed produce that state. One natural approach would be to characterise the output state by quantum state tomography; or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-26 Sam Pallister , Noah Linden , Ashley Montanaro

Recent advances in theoretical and experimental quantum computing bring us closer to scalable quantum computing devices. This makes the need for protocols that verify the correct functionality of quantum operations timely and has led to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-26 Alexandru Gheorghiu , Elham Kashefi , Petros Wallden

Hyperentanglement, which refers to entanglement encoded in two or more independent degrees of freedom (DOFs), is a valuable resource for the future high-capacity quantum network. Certifying hyperentanglement sources work as intended is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-04 Yu-Hao Wang , Xing-Fu Wang , Ming-Ming Du , Shi-Pu Gu , Wei Zhong , Lan Zhou , Yu-Bo Sheng

Quantum theory allows for nonlocality without entanglement. Notably, there exist bipartite quantum measurements consisting of only product eigenstates, yet they cannot be implemented via local quantum operations and classical communication.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-12 Ivan Šupić , Nicolas Brunner

A test of quantumness is a protocol that allows a classical verifier to certify (only) that a prover is not classical. We show that tests of quantumness that follow a certain template, which captures recent proposals such as (Kalai et al.,…

Quantum communication with systems of dimension larger than two provides advantages in information processing tasks. Examples include higher rates of key distribution and random number generation. The main disadvantage of using such…

Certification of quantum devices received from unknown providers is a primary requirement before utilizing the devices for any information processing task. Here, we establish a protocol for certification of a particular set of $d$-outcome…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-20 Debarshi Das , Ananda G. Maity , Debashis Saha , A. S. Majumdar

We compare the power of quantum and classical physics in terms of randomness certification from devices which are only partially characterised. We study randomness certification based on state discrimination and take noncontextuality as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-09 Carles Roch I Carceller , Kieran Flatt , Hanwool Lee , Joonwoo Bae , Jonatan Bohr Brask

Self-calibrating quantum state tomography aims at reconstructing the unknown quantum state and certain properties of the measurement devices from the same data. Since the estimates of the state and device parameters come from the same data,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-09 Jun Yan Sim , Jiangwei Shang , Hui Khoon Ng , Berthold-Georg Englert

We introduce a single-number metric, quantum volume, that can be measured using a concrete protocol on near-term quantum computers of modest size ($n\lesssim 50$), and measure it on several state-of-the-art transmon devices, finding values…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-14 Andrew W. Cross , Lev S. Bishop , Sarah Sheldon , Paul D. Nation , Jay M. Gambetta

In quantum information, device-independent protocols offer a new approach to information processing tasks, making minimal assumptions about the devices used. Typically, since these protocols draw conclusions directly from the data collected…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Gelo Noel M. Tabia , Alex Yueh-Ting Shih , Jin-Yuan Zheng , Yeong-Cherng Liang

Algorithmic stability is a concept from learning theory that expresses the degree to which changes to the input data (e.g., removal of a single data point) may affect the outputs of a regression algorithm. Knowing an algorithm's stability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Byol Kim , Rina Foygel Barber

The question of certifying quantum nonlocality under a relaxation of the assumptions in the Bell theorem has gained traction, with potential for device-independent applications under weak seeds and cross-talk. Recently, it was shown that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Ravishankar Ramanathan , Yuan Liu

Concomitant with the rapid development of quantum technologies, challenging demands arise concerning the certification and characterization of devices. The promises of the field can only be achieved if stringent levels of precision of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-03 J. Eisert , D. Hangleiter , N. Walk , I. Roth , D. Markham , R. Parekh , U. Chabaud , E. Kashefi

Certifying quantum behavior from classically accessible data is essential for secure communication and scalable quantum technologies. While powerful certification methods such as Bell nonlocality and quantum steering exist, their…

Device independent dimension witnesses provide a lower bound on the dimensionality of classical and quantum systems in a "black box" scenario where only correlations between preparations, measurements and outcomes are considered. We address…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 Michele Dall'Arno , Elsa Passaro , Rodrigo Gallego , Antonio Acin

A reliable method for characterizing quantum operations that is suitable for improving and validating their accuracies is indispensable for realizing a practical quantum computer. Known methods are still not sufficient because they lack…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-25 Takanori Sugiyama , Shinpei Imori , Fuyuhiko Tanaka

Measurements of quantum systems can be used to generate classical data that is truly unpredictable for every observer. However, this true randomness needs to be discriminated from randomness due to ignorance or lack of control of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-14 Felix Bischof , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

Previous theoretical works showed that all pure two-qubit entangled states can generate one bit of local randomness and can be self-tested through the violation of proper Bell inequalities. We report an experiment in which nearly pure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-14 S. Gómez , A. Mattar , I. Machuca , E. S. Gómez , D. Cavalcanti , O. Jiménez Farías , A. Acín , G. Lima