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Device-independent security is the gold standard for quantum cryptography: not only is security based entirely on the laws of quantum mechanics, but it holds irrespective of any a priori assumptions on the quantum devices used in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-09 Rotem Arnon , Renato Renner , Thomas Vidick

Quantum mechanics predicts the existence of intrinsically random processes. Contrary to classical randomness, this lack of predictability can not be attributed to ignorance or lack of control. Here we find the optimal method to quantify the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-07 Elsa Passaro , Daniel Cavalcanti , Paul Skrzypczyk , Antonio Acín

Certification of quantum systems and operations is a central task in quantum information processing. Most current schemes rely on a tomography with fully characterised devices, while this may not be met in real experiments. Device…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-16 Xingjian Zhang , Qi Zhao

Quantum process tomography is a necessary tool for verifying quantum gates and diagnosing faults in architectures and gate design. We show that the standard approach of process tomography is grossly inaccurate in the case where the states…

Semi-device-independent certification of an unsharp instrument has recently been demonstrated [New J. Phys. 21, 083034 (2019)] based on the sequential sharing of quantum advantages in a prepare-measure communication game by assuming the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-09 Prabuddha Roy , A. K. Pan

By quantum calibration we name an experimental procedure apt to completely characterize an unknown measurement apparatus by comparing it with other calibrated apparatuses. Here we show how to achieve the calibration of an arbitrary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Giacomo Mauro D'Ariano , Lorenzo Maccone , Paoloplacido Lo Presti

Quantum measurements on a two-level system can have more than two independent outcomes, and in this case, the measurement cannot be projective. Measurements of this general type are essential to an operational approach to quantum theory,…

Graph states -- one of the most representative families of multipartite entangled states, are important resources for multiparty quantum communication, quantum error correction, and quantum computation. Device-independent certification of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-12 Jia-Min Xu , Qing Zhou , Yu-Xiang Yang , Zi-Mo Cheng , Xin-Yu Xu , Zhi-Cheng Ren , Xi-Lin Wang , Hui-Tian Wang

Reliable randomness is a core ingredient in algorithms and applications ranging from numerical simulations to statistical sampling and cryptography. The outcomes of measurements on entangled quantum states can violate Bell inequalities,…

Self-testing is a correlation-based framework that enables the certification of both the underlying quantum state and the implemented measurements without imposing any assumptions on the internal structure of the devices. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Smritikana Patra , Soumyajit Pal , Ranendu Adhikary

The only information available about an alleged source of entangled quantum states is the amount $S$ by which the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality is violated: nothing is known about the nature of the system or the measurements…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-12-19 C. -E. Bardyn , T. C. H. Liew , S. Massar , M. McKague , V. Scarani

Quantum learning from state samples is often benchmarked in a fixed-budget paradigm, relating error to a prescribed number of copies. We instead adopt a stopping-time viewpoint: in minimal-feedback learning, the learning completion can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-12 Jeongho Bang

In a device-independent Bell test, the devices are considered to be black boxes and the dimension of the system remains unspecified. The dichotomic observables involved in such a Bell test can be degenerate and one may invoke a suitable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-09 Prabuddha Roy , Shyam Sundar Mahato , Sumit Mukherjee , A. K. Pan

Device-independence is the gold standard of quantum cryptography. To meet this standard, a central assumption is that no information leakage occurs during protocol execution. We relax this assumption by analyzing CHSH-based randomness…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-23 Víctor Zapatero , Marcos Curty

Detection of entanglement in quantum networks consisting of many parties is one of the important steps towards building quantum communication and computation networks. We consider a scenario where the measurement devices used for this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-03 Ivan Šupić , Paul Skrzypczyk , Daniel Cavalcanti

Observed quantum correlations are known to determine in certain cases the underlying quantum state and measurements. This phenomenon is known as (quantum) self-testing. Self-testing constitutes a significant research area with practical and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-02 Matthias Christandl , Nicholas Gauguin Houghton-Larsen , Laura Mancinska

This article proposes a test procedure that can be used to test ML models and ML-based systems independently of the actual training process. In this way, the typical quality statements such as accuracy and precision of these models and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Hans-Werner Wiesbrock , Jürgen Großmann

Entangled two-qubit states are the core building blocks for constructing quantum communication networks. Their accurate verification is crucial to the functioning of the networks, especially for untrusted networks. In this work we study the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-24 Yukun Wang , Xinjian Liu , Shaoxuan Wang , Haoying Zhang , Yunguang Han

Bell inequalities are an important tool in device-independent quantum information processing because their violation can serve as a certificate of relevant quantum properties. Probably the best known example of a Bell inequality is due to…

Robust performance of control schemes for open quantum systems is investigated under classical uncertainties in the generators of the dynamics and nonclassical uncertainties due to decoherence and initial state preparation errors. A…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-24 Sophie G. Schirmer , Frank C. Langbein , Carrie A. Weidner , Edmond Jonckheere