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Balls and bins models are classical probabilistic models where balls are added to bins at random according to a certain rule. The balls and bins model with feedback is a non-linear generalisation of the P\'olya urn, where the probability of…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-17 Nadia Sidorova

Given a finite connected graph G, place a bin at each vertex. Two bins are called a pair if they share an edge of G. At discrete times, a ball is added to each pair of bins. In a pair of bins, one of the bins gets the ball with probability…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-04-21 Michel Benaim , Itai Benjamini , Jun Chen , Yuri Lima

We consider a preferential attachment random graph with self-reinforcement. Each time a new vertex comes in, it attaches itself to an old vertex with a probability that is proportional to the sum of the degrees of that old vertex at all…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Yogesh Dahiya , Frank den Hollander

Coalition formation over graphs is a well studied class of games whose players are vertices and feasible coalitions must be connected subgraphs. In this setting, the existence and computation of equilibria, under various notions of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Angelo Fanelli , Laurent Gourvès , Ayumi Igarashi , Luca Moscardelli

In the classical preferential attachment model, links form instantly to newly arriving nodes and do not change over time. We propose a hierarchical random graph model in a spatial setting, where such a time-variability arises from an…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-04-04 Markus Heydenreich , Christian Hirsch

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved some impressive recent successes in various computer games and simulations. Most of these successes are based on having large numbers of episodes from which the agent can learn. In typical robotic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Jonas Tebbe , Lukas Krauch , Yapeng Gao , Andreas Zell

We introduce the framework of performative reinforcement learning where the policy chosen by the learner affects the underlying reward and transition dynamics of the environment. Following the recent literature on performative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Debmalya Mandal , Stelios Triantafyllou , Goran Radanovic

We introduce the P\'olya threshold graph model and derive its stochastic and algebraic properties. This random threshold graph is generated sequentially via a two-color P\'olya urn process. Starting from an empty graph, each time step…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Jinghan Yu , Fady Alajaji , Bahman Gharesifard

We present tournament results and several powerful strategies for the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma created using reinforcement learning techniques (evolutionary and particle swarm algorithms). These strategies are trained to perform well…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-02-07 Marc Harper , Vincent Knight , Martin Jones , Georgios Koutsovoulos , Nikoleta E. Glynatsi , Owen Campbell

Consider an urn model where at each step one of $q$ colors is sampled according to some probability distribution and a ball of that color is placed in an urn. The distribution of assigning balls to urns may depend on the color of the ball.…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-05-25 Bhaswar B. Bhattacharya

We propose a variant model of P{\'o}lya urn process, where the dynamics consist of two competing elements namely, suppression of growth and enhancement of dormant character. Here the level of such features are controlled by an internal…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-08-29 Avinash Chand Yadav

We propose a stochastic model of opinion exchange in networks. A finite set of agents is organized in a fixed network structure. There is a binary state of the world and each agent receives a private signal on the state. We model beliefs as…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-01-31 Emilien Macault

Urn models play an important role to express various basic ideas in probability theory. Here we extend this urn model with tubes. An urn contains coloured balls, which can be drawn with probabilities proportional to the numbers of balls of…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-08-07 Bart Jacobs

Evolutionary games on graphs describe how strategic interactions and population structure determine evolutionary success, quantified by the probability that a single mutant takes over a population. Graph structures, compared to the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2017-05-08 Philipp M. Altrock , Arne Traulsen , Martin A. Nowak

AI methods are used in societally important settings, ranging from credit to employment to housing, and it is crucial to provide fairness in regard to algorithmic decision making. Moreover, many settings are dynamic, with populations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Zhun Deng , He Sun , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Linjun Zhang , David C. Parkes

We study systems of interacting reinforced stochastic processes, where agents' decisions evolve under reinforcement, network-mediated interactions, and environmental influences. In competitive environments with irreducible networks, we…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-18 Michele Aleandri , Paolo Dai Pra , Ida Germana Minelli

This abstract proposes an approach towards goal-oriented modeling of the detection and modeling complex social phenomena in multiparty discourse in an online political strategy game. We developed a two-tier approach that first encodes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Hansin Ahuja , Lynnette Hui Xian Ng , Kokil Jaidka

Optimal designs are usually model-dependent and likely to be sub-optimal if the postulated model is not correctly specified. In practice, it is common that a researcher has a list of candidate models at hand and a design has to be found…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-03-29 Mingyao Ai , Holger Dette , Zhengfu Liu , Jun Yu

Model-based Reinforcement Learning approaches have the promise of being sample efficient. Much of the progress in learning dynamics models in RL has been made by learning models via supervised learning. But traditional model-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Shagun Sodhani , Anirudh Goyal , Tristan Deleu , Yoshua Bengio , Sergey Levine , Jian Tang

We consider a two-color P\'{o}lya urn in the case when a fixed number $S$ of balls is added at each step. Assume it is a large urn that is, the second eigenvalue $m$ of the replacement matrix satisfies $1/2<m/S\leq1$. After $n$ drawings,…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-12-30 Brigitte Chauvin , Nicolas Pouyanne , Reda Sahnoun