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Mapping our universe in 3D by imaging the redshifted 21 cm line from neutral hydrogen has the potential to overtake the cosmic microwave background as our most powerful cosmological probe, because it can map a much larger volume of our…

Realizing the potential of 21 cm tomography to statistically probe the intergalactic medium before and during the Epoch of Reionization requires large telescopes and precise control of systematics. Next-generation telescopes are now being…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-17 Joshua S. Dillon , Aaron R. Parsons

The 21 cm transition from neutral Hydrogen promises to be the best observational probe of the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR). This has led to the construction of low-frequency radio interferometric arrays, such as the Hydrogen Epoch of…

We present a new method for interferometric imaging that is ideal for the large fields of view and compact arrays common in 21 cm cosmology. We first demonstrate the method with simulations for two very different low frequency…

Characterizing the epoch of reionization (EoR) at $z\gtrsim 6$ via the redshifted 21 cm line of neutral Hydrogen (HI) is critical to modern astrophysics and cosmology, and thus a key science goal of many current and planned low-frequency…

We discuss absolute calibration strategies for Phase I of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA), which aims to measure the cosmological 21 cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). HERA is a drift-scan array with a 10 degree…

In 21 cm cosmology, precision calibration is key to the separation of the neutral hydrogen signal from very bright but spectrally-smooth astrophysical foregrounds. The Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA), an interferometer…

Precise instrument calibration is critical to the success of 21 cm Cosmology experiments. Unmitigated errors in calibration contaminate the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) signal, precluding a detection. Barry et al. 2016 characterizes one…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-24 Ruby Byrne , Miguel F. Morales , Bryna Hazelton , Wenyang Li , Nichole Barry , Adam P. Beardsley , Ronniy Joseph , Jonathan Pober , Ian Sullivan , Cathryn Trott

A number of radio interferometers are currently being planned or constructed to observe 21 cm emission from reionization. Not only will such measurements provide a detailed view of that epoch, but, since the 21 cm emission also traces the…

Global 21-cm experiments require exquisitely precise calibration of the measurement systems in order to separate the weak 21-cm signal from Galactic and extragalactic foregrounds as well as instrumental systematics. Hitherto, experiments…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-27 Jishnu N. Thekkeppattu , Benjamin McKinley , Cathryn M. Trott , Jake Jones , Daniel C. X. Ung

The redshifted cosmological 21 cm signal emitted by neutral hydrogen during the first billion years of the universe is much fainter relative to other galactic and extragalactic radio emissions, posing a great challenge towards detection of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-26 J. Kariuki Chege , C. H. Jordan , C. Lynch , C. M. Trott , J. L. B. Line , B. Pindor , S. Yoshiura

A number of experiments are currently working towards a measurement of the 21 cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization. Whether or not these experiments deliver a detection of cosmological emission, their limited sensitivity will prevent…

Motivated by the desire for wide-field images with well-defined statistical properties for 21cm cosmology, we implement an optimal mapping pipeline that computes a maximum likelihood estimator for the sky using the interferometric…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-28 Zhilei Xu , Jacqueline N. Hewitt , Kai-Feng Chen , Honggeun Kim , Joshua S. Dillon , Nicholas S. Kern , Miguel F. Morales , Bryna J. Hazelton , Ruby Byrne , Nicolas Fagnoni , Eloy de Lera Acedo , Zara Abdurashidova , Tyrone Adams , James E. Aguirre , Paul Alexander , Zaki S. Ali , Rushelle Baartman , Yanga Balfour , Adam P. Beardsley , Gianni Bernardi , Tashalee S. Billings , Judd D. Bowman , Richard F. Bradley , Philip Bull , Jacob Burba , Steven Carey , Chris L. Carilli , Carina Cheng , David R. DeBoer , Matt Dexter , Nico Eksteen , John Ely , Aaron Ewall-Wice , Randall Fritz , Steven R. Furlanetto , Kingsley Gale-Sides , Brian Glendenning , Deepthi Gorthi , Bradley Greig , Jasper Grobbelaar , Ziyaad Halday , Jack Hickish , Daniel C. Jacobs , Austin Julius , MacCalvin Kariseb , Joshua Kerrigan , Piyanat Kittiwisit , Saul A. Kohn , Matthew Kolopanis , Adam Lanman , Paul La Plante , Adrian Liu , Anita Loots , Yin-zhe Ma , David Harold Edward MacMahon , Lourence Malan , Cresshim Malgas , Keith Malgas , Bradley Marero , Zachary E. Martinot , Andrei Mesinger , Mathakane Molewa , Tshegofalang Mosiane , Steven G. Murray , Abraham R. Neben , Bojan Nikolic , Hans Nuwegeld , Aaron R. Parsons , Nipanjana Patra , Samantha Pieterse , Jonathan C. Pober , Nima Razavi-Ghods , James Robnett , Kathryn Rosie , Peter Sims , Craig Smith , Hilton Swarts , Nithyanandan Thyagarajan , Pieter Van Van Wyngaarden , Peter K. G. Williams , Haoxuan Zheng

Radio interferometers aiming to measure the power spectrum of the redshifted 21 cm line during the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR) need to achieve an unprecedented dynamic range to separate the weak signal from overwhelming foreground…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-12 Pascal M. Keller , Bojan Nikolic , Nithyanandan Thyagarajan , Chris L. Carilli , Gianni Bernardi , Ntsikelelo Charles , Landman Bester , Oleg M. Smirnov , Nicholas S. Kern , Joshua S. Dillon , Bryna J. Hazelton , Miguel F. Morales , Daniel C. Jacobs , Aaron R. Parsons , Zara Abdurashidova , Tyrone Adams , James E. Aguirre , Paul Alexander , Zaki S. Ali , Rushelle Baartman , Yanga Balfour , Adam P. Beardsley , Tashalee S. Billings , Judd D. Bowman , Richard F. Bradley , Philip Bull , Jacob Burba , Steven Carey , Carina Cheng , David R. DeBoer , Eloy de Lera Acedo , Matt Dexter , Nico Eksteen , John Ely , Aaron Ewall-Wice , Nicolas Fagnoni , Randall Fritz , Steven R. Furlanetto , Kingsley Gale-Sides , Brian Glendenning , Deepthi Gorthi , Bradley Greig , Jasper Grobbelaar , Ziyaad Halday , Jacqueline N. Hewitt , Jack Hickish , Austin Julius , MacCalvin Kariseb , Joshua Kerrigan , Piyanat Kittiwisit , Saul A. Kohn , Matthew Kolopanis , Adam Lanman , Paul La Plante , Adrian Liu , Anita Loots , Yin-Zhe Ma , David Harold Edward MacMahon , Lourence Malan , Cresshim Malgas , Keith Malgas , Bradley Marero , Zachary E. Martinot , Andrei Mesinger , Mathakane Molewa , Tshegofalang Mosiane , Steven G. Murray , Abraham R. Neben , Hans Nuwegeld , Robert Pascua , Nipanjana Patra , Samantha Pieterse , Jonathan C. Pober , Nima Razavi-Ghods , James Robnett , Kathryn Rosie , Mario G. Santos , Peter Sims , Craig Smith , Hilton Swarts , Pieter Van Wyngaarden , Peter K. G. Williams , Haoxuan Zheng

A first statistical detection of the 21-cm Epoch of Reionization (EoR) is on the horizon, as cosmological volumes of the Universe become accessible via the adoption of low-frequency interferometers. We explore the impact which non-identical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-01 A. Chokshi , N. Barry , J. L. B. Line , C. H. Jordan , B. Pindor , R. L. Webster

To achieve the sensitivity required to detect signals from neutral hydrogen from the Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionisation it is critical to have a well-calibrated instrument which has a stable calibration over the course of the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-04 Christian J. Kirkham , Dominic J. Anstey , Eloy de Lera Acedo

Precision antenna calibration is required for mitigating the impact of foreground contamination in 21 cm cosmological radio surveys. One widely studied source of error is the effect of missing point sources in the calibration sky model;…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-19 Ntsikelelo Charles , Nicholas Kern , Gianni Bernardi , Landman Bester , Oleg Smirnov , Nicolas Fagnoni , Eloy de Lera Acedo

(Abridged) Noise considerations for experiments that aim to statistically estimate the 21 cm signal from high redshift neutral hydrogen during the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR) using interferometric data are typically computed assuming a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Cathryn M. Trott

The epoch of reionization (EoR), marking the Universe's transition from a neutral to ionized state, represents a pivotal phase for understanding the formation of the first stars and galaxies. Intensity mapping of atomic and molecular lines,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-12-17 Anirban Roy , Anthony Pullen , Patrick C. Breysse , Rachel S. Somerville
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