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High precison calibration is essential for a new generation of radio interferometers looking for Epoch of Reionization and Baryon Acoustic Oscillation signatures in neutral hydrogen. These arrays have so far been calibrated by redundant…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-10 J. L. Sievers

Radio-interferometric arrays require very precise calibration to detect the Epoch of Reionization 21-cm signal. A remarkably complete and accurate sky model is therefore needed in the patches of the sky used to perform the calibration.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-13 Khandakar Md Asif Elahi , Samir Choudhuri , Nirupam Roy , Md Rashid , Philip Bull , Dharam Vir Lal

Detecting neutral Hydrogen (H\,{\sc i}) via the 21~cm line emission from the intergalactic medium at $z\gtrsim 6$ has been identified as one of the most promising probes of the epoch of cosmic reionization -- a major phase transition of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-04 Nithyanandan Thyagarajan , Chris Carilli , Bojan Nikolic

Radio interferometers designed to measure the cosmological 21 cm power spectrum require high sensitivity. Several modern low-frequency interferometers feature drift-scan antennas placed on a regular grid to maximize the number of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-19 Yunfan Gerry Zhang , Adrian Liu , Aaron R. Parsons

The 21-cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) is a powerful probe of the evolution of the Universe. However, accurate measurements of the EoR signal from radio interferometric observations are sensitive to efficient foreground…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-23 Madhurima Choudhury , Jonathan C. Pober

In the past two decades, a rebirth of interest in low-frequency radio astronomy for 21 cm tomography of the Epoch of Reionization, has given rise to a new class of radio interferometers with $N \gg 100$ antennas. The availability of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-11 Deepthi Gorthi

We report upper-limits on the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) 21 cm power spectrum at redshifts 7.9 and 10.4 with 18 nights of data ($\sim36$ hours of integration) from Phase I of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA). The Phase I…

There are several planned and ongoing experiments designed to explore the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), the pivotal period during which the gas in the intergalactic medium went from being entirely neutral to almost entirely ionized. These…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2010-08-27 Vibor Jelic

One key challenge in detecting 21 cm cosmological signal at z > 6 is to separate the cosmological signal from foreground emission. This can be studied in a power spectrum space where the foreground is confined to low delay modes whereas the…

Predictions for the ability of 21-cm interferometric experiments to discriminate Epoch of Reionization (EoR) signal models are typically limited by the simplicity of data models, whereby foreground signals and characteristics of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-29 Ainulnabilah Nasirudin , Steven Murray , Cathryn Trott , Bradley Greig , Ronniy Joseph , Chris Power

Cross-correlating 21cm and Ly$\alpha$ intensity maps of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) promises to be a powerful tool for exploring the properties of the first galaxies. Next-generation intensity mapping experiments such as the Hydrogen…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-02 Tyler A. Cox , Daniel C. Jacobs , Steven G. Murray

Upcoming experiments such as Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) and Square Kilometre Array (SKA) are intended to measure the 21cm signal over a wide range of redshifts, representing an incredible opportunity in advancing our…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-06 Héctor J. Hortúa , Riccardo Volpi , Luigi Malagò

We report the most sensitive upper limits to date on the 21 cm epoch of reionization power spectrum using 94 nights of observing with Phase I of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA). Using similar analysis techniques as in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-28 The HERA Collaboration , Zara Abdurashidova , Tyrone Adams , James E. Aguirre , Paul Alexander , Zaki S. Ali , Rushelle Baartman , Yanga Balfour , Rennan Barkana , Adam P. Beardsley , Gianni Bernardi , Tashalee S. Billings , Judd D. Bowman , Richard F. Bradley , Daniela Breitman , Philip Bull , Jacob Burba , Steve Carey , Chris L. Carilli , Carina Cheng , Samir Choudhuri , David R. DeBoer , Eloy de Lera Acedo , Matt Dexter , Joshua S. Dillon , John Ely , Aaron Ewall-Wice , Nicolas Fagnoni , Anastasia Fialkov , Randall Fritz , Steven R. Furlanetto , Kingsley Gale-Sides , Hugh Garsden , Brian Glendenning , Adélie Gorce , Deepthi Gorthi , Bradley Greig , Jasper Grobbelaar , Ziyaad Halday , Bryna J. Hazelton , Stefan Heimersheim , Jacqueline N. Hewitt , Jack Hickish , Daniel C. Jacobs , Austin Julius , Nicholas S. Kern , Joshua Kerrigan , Piyanat Kittiwisit , Saul A. Kohn , Matthew Kolopanis , Adam Lanman , Paul La Plante , David Lewis , Adrian Liu , Anita Loots , Yin-Zhe Ma , David H. E. MacMahon , Lourence Malan , Keith Malgas , Cresshim Malgas , Matthys Maree , Bradley Marero , Zachary E. Martinot , Lisa McBride , Andrei Mesinger , Jordan Mirocha , Mathakane Molewa , Miguel F. Morales , Tshegofalang Mosiane , Julian B. Muñoz , Steven G. Murray , Vighnesh Nagpal , Abraham R. Neben , Bojan Nikolic , Chuneeta D. Nunhokee , Hans Nuwegeld , Aaron R. Parsons , Robert Pascua , Nipanjana Patra , Samantha Pieterse , Yuxiang Qin , Nima Razavi-Ghods , James Robnett , Kathryn Rosie , Mario G. Santos , Peter Sims , Saurabh Singh , Craig Smith , Hilton Swarts , Jianrong Tan , Nithyanandan Thyagarajan , Michael J. Wilensky , Peter K. G. Williams , Pieter van Wyngaarden , Haoxuan Zheng

The Epoch of Reionisation (EoR) is the period within which the neutral universe transitioned to an ionised one. This period remains unobserved using low-frequency radio interferometers which target the 21 cm signal of neutral hydrogen…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-01 J. Kariuki Chege , C. H. Jordan , C. Lynch , J. L. B. Line , C. M. Trott

A detection of the 21 cm signal can provide a unique window of opportunity for uncovering complex astrophysical phenomena at the epoch of reionization and placing constraints on cosmology at high redshifts, which are usually elusive to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-21 Danial Baradaran , Boryana Hadzhiyska , Martin J. White , Noah Sailer

The Epoch of Reionization (EoR) features a rich interplay between the first luminous sources and the low-density gas of the intergalactic medium (IGM), where photons from these sources ionize the IGM. There are currently few observational…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-07 Paul La Plante , Michelle Ntampaka

Interferometric arrays seeking to measure the 21 cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization must contend with overwhelmingly bright emission from foreground sources. Accurate recovery of the 21 cm signal will require precise calibration of…

[ABRIDGED] The cosmological 21cm signal is set to become the most powerful probe of the early Universe, with first generation interferometers aiming to make statistical detections of reionization. There is increasing interest also in the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-04-08 Andrei Mesinger , Aaron Ewall-Wice , Jacqueline Hewitt

BayesEoR is a GPU-accelerated, MPI-compatible Python package for estimating the power spectrum of redshifted 21-cm emission from interferometric observations of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Utilizing a Bayesian framework, BayesEoR…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-23 Peter H. Sims , Jacob Burba , Jonathan C. Pober