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The 21cm signal of neutral hydrogen contains a wealth of information about the poorly constrained era of cosmological history, the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Recently, AI models trained on EoR simulations have gained significant attention…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-08 Jasper Solt , Jonathan C. Pober , Stephen H. Bach

We introduce 21CMMC: a parallelized, Monte Carlo Markov Chain analysis tool, incorporating the epoch of reionization (EoR) seminumerical simulation 21CMFAST. 21CMMC estimates astrophysical parameter constraints from 21 cm EoR experiments,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Bradley Greig , Andrei Mesinger

21 cm Epoch of Reionization observations promise to transform our understanding of galaxy formation, but these observations are impossible without unprecedented levels of instrument calibration. We present end-to-end simulations of a full…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-09 N. Barry , B. Hazelton , I. Sullivan , M. F. Morales , J. C. Pober

The designs of the first generation of cosmological 21-cm observatories are split between single dipole experiments which integrate over a large patch of sky in order to find the global (spectral) signature of reionization, and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-23 Jonathan M. Bittner , Abraham Loeb

In order to study the "Cosmic Dawn" and the Epoch of Reionization with 21 cm tomography, we need to statistically separate the cosmological signal from foregrounds known to be orders of magnitude brighter. Over the last few years, we have…

We use information theory to derive fundamental limits on the capacity to calibrate next-generation radio interferometers, and measure parameters of point sources for instrument calibration, point source subtraction, and data deconvolution.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2012-12-11 Cathryn M. Trott , Randall B. Wayth , Steven J. Tingay

Intensity mapping of multiple emission lines is emerging as a new branch to astronomy, to probe both properties of ionizing sources and the medium between, in particular the intergalactic medium. For Epoch of Reionization (EoR) studies,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-03 Caroline Heneka , Asantha Cooray

We present a study of internal reflection and cross coupling systematics in Phase I of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA). In a companion paper, we outlined the mathematical formalism for such systematics and presented…

Detection of the global redshifted 21-cm signal is an excellent means of deciphering the physical processes during the Dark Ages and subsequent Epoch of Reionization (EoR). However, detection of this faint monopole is challenging due to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-16 Saurabh Singh , Ravi Subrahmanyan , N. Udaya Shankar , A. Raghunathan

The Epoch of Reionization (EoR)---when neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium was systematically ionized---is a period in our Universe's history that is currently poorly understood. However, a key prediction of most models is a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-25 Michael Pagano , Adrian Liu

The separation of cosmological signal from astrophysical foregrounds is a fundamental challenge for any effort to probe the evolution of neutral hydrogen during the Cosmic Dawn and epoch of reionization (EoR) using the 21 cm hyperfine…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-31 Naomi Orosz , Joshua S. Dillon , Aaron Ewall-Wice , Aaron R. Parsons , Nithyanandan Thyagarajan

The upcoming Square Kilometre Array Low Frequency (SKA-Low) interferometer will have the required sensitivity to detect the 21 cm line from neutral hydrogen during the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR). In preparation, we investigated the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-25 E. Jong , C. Trott , C. D. Nunhokee , Q. Zheng

21cm Intensity Mapping (IM) has been proposed about 15 years ago as a cost effective method to carry out cosmological surveys and to map the 3D distribution of matter in the universe, over a large range of post EoR redshifts, from z=0 to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-01 Reza Ansari

Measurement of the spatial distribution of neutral hydrogen via the redshifted 21 cm line promises to revolutionize our knowledge of the epoch of reionization and the first galaxies, and may provide a powerful new tool for observational…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 Miguel F. Morales , J. Stuart B. Wyithe

Multiple instruments are pursuing constraints on dark energy, observing reionization and opening a window on the dark ages through the detection and characterization of the 21cm hydrogen line across the redshift spectrum, from nearby to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-11 Daniel C. Jacobs , Jacob Burba , Judd Bowman , Abraham R. Neben , Benjamin Stinnett , Lauren Turner

The 21 cm signal arising from fluctuations in the neutral hydrogen field, and its cross-correlation with other tracers of cosmic density, are promising probes of the high-redshift Universe. In this study, we assess the potential of the 21…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-26 Barun Maity

The first generation of redshifted 21 cm detection experiments, carried out with arrays like LOFAR, MWA and GMRT, will have a very low signal-to-noise ratio per resolution element (\sim 0.2). In addition, whereas the variance of the…

A number of experiments are set to measure the 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). The common denominator of these experiments are the large data sets produced, contaminated by various instrumental…

The 21 cm bispectrum (BS) offers a powerful probe of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), but its observational access is severely hindered by dominant astrophysical foregrounds. Considering Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) observations at…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-20 Sukhdeep Singh Gill , Khandakar Md Asif Elahi , Somnath Bharadwaj , Shiv K. Sethi , Akash Kumar Patwa