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Peering in from the outside, $\mathbb{A} := \mathbb{R}\otimes\mathbb{C}\otimes\mathbb{H}\otimes\mathbb{O}$ looks to be an ideal mathematical structure for particle physics. It is 32 $\mathbb{C}$-dimensional: exactly the size of one full…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-09-28 N. Furey , M. J. Hughes

We review a recently proposed Clifford-algebra approach to elementary particles. We start with: (1) a philosophical background that motivates a maximally symmetric treatment of position and momentum variables, and: (2) an analysis of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-14 Piotr Żenczykowski

We propose a model of generations that has exactly three generations. This model has several attractive features: There is a simple mechanism to produce the CKM quark mixings and their neutrino analogs. There are definite predictions for…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 O. W. Greenberg

We suggest a mechanism explaining the origin of three generations of the Standard Model fermions from one generation in a higher-dimensional theory. Four-dimensional fermions appear as zero modes trapped in the core of a topological defect…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 M. V. Libanov , S. V. Troitsky

With the couplings between the eight gluons constrained by the structure constants of the su(3) algebra in QCD, one would expect that there should exist a special basis (or set of bases) for the algebra wherein, unlike in a Cartan-Weyl…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-11-01 P. F. Harrison , R. Krishnan , W. G. Scott

Clifford Unification describes all the observed fundamental fermions in terms of seven commuting elements of the $Cl_{7,7}$ Clifford algebra. The eigenvalues of each commuting element define a binary quantum number, which relates to a…

General Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Douglas Newman

We study briefly some properties of real Clifford algebras and identify them as matrix algebras. We then show that the representation space on which Clifford algebras act are spinors and we study in details matrix representations. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Rausch de Traubenberg

I present a modified version of the Manogue-Dray-Wilson `octions' model of elementary particles, that overcomes some of the objections to that model that have been raised. In particular, I restore the compactness of the Standard Model gauge…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-29 Robert A. Wilson

A simple geometric algebra is shown to contain automatically the leptons and quarks of a family of the Standard Model, and the electroweak and color gauge symmetries, without predicting extra particles and symmetries. The algebra is already…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-05-10 Ovidiu Cristinel Stoica

A geometric approach to the standard model in terms of the Clifford algebra $% C\ell_{7}$ is advanced. The gauge symmetries and charge assignments of the fundamental fermions are seen to arise from a simple geometric model involving extra…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Greg Trayling

In a supersymmetric SU(5) grand unified model with a horizontal symmetry SU(1,1), we discuss spontaneous generation of generations to produce three chiral generations of quarks and leptons and one generation of higgses by using one…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-05-07 Naoki Yamatsu

This paper explores leveraging the Clifford algebra's expressive power for $\E(n)$-equivariant diffusion models. We utilize the geometric products between Clifford multivectors and the rich geometric information encoded in Clifford…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Cong Liu , Sharvaree Vadgama , David Ruhe , Erik Bekkers , Patrick Forré

We use our Clifford algebra technique, that is nilpotents and projectors which are binomials of the Clifford algebra objects $\gamma^a$ with the property $\{\gamma^a,\gamma^b\}_+ = 2 \eta^{ab}$, for representing quantum gates and quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 M. Gregoric , N. S. Mankoc Borstnik

Given a fixed binary form $f(u,v)$ of degree $d$ over a field $k$, the associated \emph{Clifford algebra} is the $k$-algebra $C_f=k\{u,v\}/I$, where $I$ is the two-sided ideal generated by elements of the form $(\alpha u+\beta…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2010-09-13 Emre Coskun

Both the ${\cal N}=7$ superconformal quantum mechanics possessing the exceptional $G(3)$ Lie superalgebra as dynamical symmetry and its associated deformed oscillator with $G(3)$ as spectrum-generating superalgebra are presented. This…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-12-13 Francesco Toppan

The applications of quaternion in physics are discussed with an emphasis on elementary particle symmetry and interaction. Three colours of the quark and the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) can be introduced directly from the invariance of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-11-30 Liaofu Luo , Jun Lv

This paper continues the study of quasiparticles on complex manifolds with anticommuting co-ordinates, and shows that on increasing the dimensionality of the complex manifold from $\mathbb{C}^{\wedge 2}$ to $\mathbb{C}^{\wedge 6}$, the…

General Physics · Physics 2023-06-13 R. N. C. Pfeifer

We present a unified model without the need for an ad hoc Standard Model hypothesis; we explain why there are three generations of charged and neutral leptons, why neutrinos have a vanishingly small mass, and why flavor-mixing emerges and…

General Physics · Physics 2023-07-10 Qiang Tang , Jau Tang

The paper surveys recent progress in the search for an appropriate internal space algebra for the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. As a starting point serve Clifford algebras involving operators of left multiplication by octonions.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-08-08 Ivan Todorov

In this article we present a new and not fully employed geometric algebra model. With this model a generalization of the conformal model is achieved. We discuss the geometric objects that can be represented. Furthermore, we show that the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2014-09-17 Daniel Klawitter