Related papers: How Do You Measure Primality?
Arithmetical invariants---such as sets of lengths, catenary and tame degrees---describe the non-uniqueness of factorizations in atomic monoids. We study these arithmetical invariants by the monoid of relations and by presentations of the…
In this work we investigate how to quantify the coherence of quantum measurements. First, we establish a resource theoretical framework to address the coherence of measurement and show that any statistical distance can be adopted to define…
We characterize all pairs $(\beta,n),(\beta^\prime,m)$ such that the alternate $(\beta,n)$ and $(\beta^\prime,m)$-transformations $K_{(\beta,n)}$ and $K_{(\beta^\prime,m)}$ have the same absolutely continuous invariant measure, where…
It is possible that fundamental constants may not be constant at all. There is a generally accepted view that one can only talk about variations of dimensionless quantities, such as the fine structure constant $\alpha_{\rm e}\equiv…
Comparative prime number theory is the study of the {\em{discrepancies}} of distributions when we compare the number of primes in different residue classes. This work presents a list of the problems being investigated in comparative prime…
We analyze the set of increasingly enumerable additive submonoids of R, for instance, the set of logarithms of the positive integers with respect to a given base. We call them $\omega$-monoids. The $\omega$-monoids for which consecutive…
In this paper we establish function field versions of two classical conjectures on prime numbers. The first says that the number of primes in intervals (x,x+x^epsilon] is about x^epsilon/log x and the second says that the number of primes…
The investigation and classification of non-unique factorization phenomena have attracted some interest in recent literature. For finitely generated monoids, S.T. Chapman and P. Garcia-Sanchez, together with several co-authors, derived a…
We demonstrate that the multipoles associated with the density matrix are truly observable quantities that can be unambiguously determined from intensity moments. Given their correct transformation properties, these multipoles are the…
The possibility of variations of the values of fundamental constants is a phenomenon predicted by a number of scenarios beyond General Relativity. This can happen if ``our'' fundamental constants are not the actual constants of the…
Magnitude is a numerical isometric invariant of metric spaces, whose definition arises from a precise analogy between categories and metric spaces. Despite this exotic provenance, magnitude turns out to encode many invariants from integral…
We study arithmetic properties of factorizations of elements into products of generators, in monoids given with explicit presentations. After relating and comparing this perspective to the more usual approach of factoring into products of…
The prime numbers have been a source of fascination for millenia and continue to surprise us. Motivated by the hyperuniformity concept, which has attracted recent attention in physics and materials science, we show that the prime numbers in…
Let G be a primitive permutation group on a finite set Omega. Let p^2 divide |G|, for a prime p. We show that when G is solvable, there exists a subset of Omega whose stabilizer S has the property that 1<|S|_p<|G|_p. We offer a counting…
Experimentation and Measurement (E&M) capabilities allow organizations to accurately assess the impact of new propositions and to experiment with many variants of existing products. However, until now, the question of measuring the…
A nonnegative martingale with initial value equal to one measures evidence against a probabilistic hypothesis. The inverse of its value at some stopping time can be interpreted as a Bayes factor. If we exaggerate the evidence by considering…
An invariant measure for a flow is, of course, an invariant measure for any of its time-t maps. But the converse is far from being true. Hence, one may naturally ask: What is the obstruction for an invariant measure for the time-one map to…
The main observation of this note is that the Lebesgue measure $\mu$ in the Tur\'an-Nazarov inequality for exponential polynomials can be replaced with a certain geometric invariant $\omega \ge \mu$, which can be effectively estimated in…
In this paper, we consider graded near-rings over a monoid $G$ as a generalizations of graded rings over groups. We introduce certain innovative graded prime ideals and study some of its basic properties over graded near-rings.
Assuming $\mathfrak b = \mathfrak c$ (or some weaker statement), we construct a compactification $\gamma\omega$ of $\omega$ such that its remainder $\gamma\omega\setminus\omega$ is nonseparable and carries a strictly positive measure.