Related papers: How Do You Measure Primality?
Quantum trajectories are Markov chains modeling quantum systems subjected to repeated indirect measurements. Their stationary regime depends on what observables are measured on the probes used to indirectly measure the system. In this…
This is a survey on factorization theory. We discuss finitely generated monoids (including affine monoids), primary monoids (including numerical monoids), power sets with set addition, Krull monoids and their various generalizations, and…
We introduce new cardinal invariants of a poset, called the comparability number and the incomparability number. We determine their value for well-known posets, such as $\omega^\omega$, $\mathcal{P}(\omega)/\mathrm{fin}$, the Turing degrees…
We consider a family S=S(a) of 2-valued transformations of special form on the segment [0,1] with measure $\mu=\int p(x) d\lambda$, which is absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure $\lambda$. We endow S with a set of…
This work introduces the first in-depth study of h-free and h-full elements in abelian monoids, providing a unified approach for understanding their role in various mathematical structures. Let m be an element of an abelian monoid, with…
We introduce and investigate the category of factorization of a multiplicative, commutative, cancellative, pre-ordered monoid $A$, which we denote $\mathcal{F}(A)$. The objects of $\mathcal{F}(A)$ are factorizations of elements of $A$, and…
In this expository paper we describe four primality tests. The first test is very efficient, but is only capable of proving that a given number is either composite or 'very probably' prime. The second test is a deterministic polynomial time…
An a priori semimeasure (also known as "algorithmic probability" or "the Solomonoff prior" in the context of inductive inference) is defined as the transformation, by a given universal monotone Turing machine, of the uniform measure on the…
For each positive integer n this paper considers a one-parameter family of complex-valued measures on the symmetric group S_n, depending on a complex parameter z. For parameter values z=p^f a prime power, this measure describes splitting…
In ancient Greek mathematics, magnitudes such as lengths were strictly distinguished from numbers. In modern quantity calculus, a distinction is made between quantities and scalars that serve as measures of quantities. It can be argued that…
Commutative totally ordered monoids abound, number systems for example. When the monoid is not assumed commutative, one may be hard pressed to find an example. One suggested by Professor Orr Shalit are the countable ordinals with addition.…
In this paper, we introduce two primality tests based on new divisibility properties of binomial coefficients. These new properties were enunciated and proved in previous work. We also study two similar tests that can be obtained from…
The catenary degree is an invariant that measures the distance between factorizations of elements within an atomic monoid. In this paper, we classify which finite subsets of $\mathbb Z_{\ge 0}$ occur as the set of catenary degrees of a…
Although algorithmic randomness with respect to various non-uniform computable measures is well-studied, little attention has been paid to algorithmic randomness with respect to computable \emph{trivial} measures, where a measure $\mu$ on…
We present a development of norms and discuss their relationship to factorization. In earlier work, the first named author introduced the notion of a normset, which is the image of the norm map. A normset is a monoid with its own…
The Huneke-Wiegand conjecture has prompted much recent research in Commutative Algebra. In studying this conjecture for certain classes of rings, Garc\'ia-S\'anchez and Leamer construct a monoid S_\Gamma^s whose elements correspond to…
Define $s (n) := n^{- 1} \sigma (n)$ ($\sigma (n):=\sum_{d|n}d )$ and $\omega(n)$ is the number of prime divisors of $n$. One of the properties of $s$ plays a central role: $s (p^a) > s (q^b)$ if $p < q$ are prime numbers, with no special…
The degree of commutativity of a group $G$ measures the probability of choosing two elements in $G$ which commute. There are many results studying this for finite groups. In [AMV17], this was generalised to infinite groups. In this note, we…
A transitive permutation group $G$ on a finite set $\Omega$ is said to be pre-primitive if every $G$-invariant partition of $\Omega$ is the orbit partition of a subgroup of $G$. It follows that pre-primitivity and quasiprimitivity are…
This paper defines Lebesgue measure preserving Thompson's monoid, denoted by $\mathbb{G}$, which is modeled on Thompson's group $\mathbb{F}$ except that the elements of $\mathbb{G}$ are non-invertible. Moreover, it is required that the…