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The spectrum of Seyfert 1 Galaxies is very similar to that of several Galactic Black Hole Candidates (GBHCs) in their hard state, suggestive that both classes of objects have similar physical processes. While it appears that an accretion…
When the density of a nuclear system is decreased, homogeneous states undergo the so-called Mott transition towards clusterised states, e.g. alpha clustering, both in nuclei and in nuclear matter. Here we investigate such a quantum phase…
Over 80% of human cancers originate from the epithelium, which covers the outer and inner surfaces of organs and blood vessels. In stratified epithelium, the bottom layers are occupied by stem and stem-like cells that continually divide and…
Protein compartmentalization in the frame of a liquid-liquid phase separation is a key mechanism to optimize spatiotemporal control of biological systems. Such a compartmentalization process reduces the intrinsic noise in protein…
The spread of metastases is a crucial process in which some questions remain unanswered. In this work, we focus on tumor cells circulating in the bloodstream, the so-called Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs). Our aim is to characterize their…
In solid tumors, cells constantly interact with the surrounding extracellular matrix. In particular cancer-associated fibroblasts modulate the architecture of the matrix by exerting forces and contracting collagen fibres, creating paths…
We propose a multiscale chemo-mechanical model of cancer tumour development in an epithelial tissue. The model is based on transformation of normal cells into the cancerous state triggered by a local failure of spatial synchronisation of…
Lung cancer, particularly in its advanced stages, remains a leading cause of death globally. Though early detection via low-dose computed tomography (CT) is promising, the identification of high-risk factors crucial for surgical mode…
For a genomically unstable cancer, a single tumour biopsy will often contain a mixture of competing tumour clones. These tumour clones frequently differ with respect to their genomic content (copy number of each gene) and structure (order…
The transition from the epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype and its reverse (from mesenchymal to epithelial) are crucial processes necessary for the progression and spread of cancer. In this paper, we investigate how phenotypic switching at…
Heterogeneity in the cell population of cancer tissues poses many challenges in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Studying the heterogeneity in cell populations from gene expression measurement data in the context of cancer research is a…
Non-common path quasi-static and differential aberrations are one of the big hurdles of direct imaging for current and future high-contrast imaging instruments. They increase speckle and photon noise thus reducing the achievable contrast…
Recent technological advancements have enabled detailed investigation of associations between the molecular architecture and tumor heterogeneity, through multi-source integration of radiological imaging and genomic (radiogenomic) data. In…
The mechanism of atrial fibrillation (AF) is poorly understood, resulting in disappointing success rates of ablative treatment. Different mechanisms defined largely by different atrial activation patterns have been proposed and, arguably,…
Coagulation and fragmentation (CF) is a fundamental process by which particles attach to each other to form clusters while existing clusters break up into smaller ones. It is a ubiquitous process that plays a key role in many physical and…
Histopathology image segmentation is the gold standard for diagnosing cancer, and can indicate cancer prognosis. However, histopathology image segmentation requires high-quality masks, so many studies now use imagelevel labels to achieve…
Computational pathology relies on effective representation learning to support cancer research and precision medicine. Although self-supervised learning has driven major progress at the patch and whole-slide image levels, representation…
In this paper we present a derivation and multiscale analysis of a mathematical model for plant cell wall biomechanics that takes into account both the microscopic structure of a cell wall coming from the cellulose microfibrils and the…
Cancer cells are widely known to be protected from apoptosis, which is a major hurdle to successful anti-cancer therapy. Over-expression of several anti-apoptotic proteins, or mutations in pro-apoptotic factors, has been recognized to…
We present a machine learning method capable of accurately detecting chromosome abnormalities that cause blood cancers directly from microscope images of the metaphase stage of cell division. The pipeline is built on a series of fine-tuned…