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A family $\mathcal{G}$ of sets is a weak copy of a poset $P$ if there is a bijection $f:P\rightarrow \mathcal{G}$ such that $p\leqslant q$ implies $f(p)\subseteq f(q)$. If $f$ satisfies $p\leqslant q$ if and only if $f(p)\subseteq f(q)$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-26 Balázs Patkós

We study Ramsey-type problems in Gallai-colorings. Given a graph $G$ and an integer $k\ge1$, the Gallai-Ramsey number $gr_k(K_3,G)$ is the least positive integer $n$ such that every $k$-coloring of the edges of the complete graph on $n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-03 Christian Bosse , Zi-Xia Song

Considering a natural generalization of the Ruzsa-Szemer\'edi problem, we prove that for any fixed positive integers $r,s$ with $r<s$, there are graphs on $n$ vertices containing $n^{r}e^{-O(\sqrt{\log{n}})}=n^{r-o(1)}$ copies of $K_s$ such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-02-28 W. T. Gowers , Barnabás Janzer

For a graph $L$ and an integer $k\geq 2$, $R_k(L)$ denotes the smallest integer $N$ for which for any edge-colouring of the complete graph $K_N$ by $k$ colours there exists a colour $i$ for which the corresponding colour class contains $L$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-08-25 Tomasz Łuczak , Miklós Simonovits , Jozef Skokan

The anti-Ramsey number, $ar(G, H)$ is the minimum integer $k$ such that in any edge colouring of $G$ with $k$ colours there is a rainbow subgraph isomorphic to $H$, i.e., a copy of $H$ with each of its edges assigned a different colour. The…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-10-28 L Sunil Chandran , Abhiruk Lahiri , Nitin Singh

Motivated by Ramsey theory problems, we consider edge-colorings of 3-uniform hypergraphs that contain no rainbow paths of length 3. There are three 3-uniform paths of length 3: the tight path $\mathcal{T}=\{v_1v_2v_3, v_2v_3v_4,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-07 Xihe Li , Runshan Wang

For graphs $G_1,\ldots,G_k$, the Ramsey number $R(G_1,\ldots,G_k)$ is the smallest positive integer $N$ such that every $k$-edge-coloring of $K_N$ contains a monochromatic copy of $G_i$ in color $i$ for some $i\in[k]$. The Gallai--Ramsey…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Yanbo Zhang , Qian Chen , Yaojun Chen

A rainbow subgraph in an edge-coloured graph is a subgraph such that its edges have distinct colours. The minimum colour degree of a graph is the smallest number of distinct colours on the edges incident with a vertex over all vertices.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-07-11 Allan Lo , Ta Sheng Tan

Here we show that by expressing a van der Waerden number $W(r, k)$ by its radix polynomial representation, it not only is possible to locate each proper subset on $\mathbb{R}$ in which the van der Waerden number lies, but also to show that…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-05-10 Robert J Betts

Motivated by an extremal problem on graph-codes that links coding theory and graph theory, Alon recently proposed a question aiming to find the smallest number $t$ such that there is an edge coloring of $K_{n}$ by $t$ colors with no copy of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-12 Gennian Ge , Zixiang Xu , Yixuan Zhang

In 2019, Aharoni proposed a conjecture generalizing the Caceetta-H\"aggkvist conjecture: if an $n$-vertex graph $G$ admits an edge coloring (not necessarily proper) with $n$ colors such that each color class has size at least $r$, then $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-08 He Guo

We call a subgraph of an edge-colored graph rainbow subgraph, if all of its edges have different colors. The anti-Ramsey number of a graph $G$ in a complete graph $K_{n}$, denoted by $ar(K_{n}, G)$, is the maximum number of colors in an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-08-13 Chunqiu Fang , Ervin Győri , Mei Lu , Jimeng Xiao

For positive integers $n,r,s$ with $r > s$, the set-coloring Ramsey number $R(n;r,s)$ is the minimum $N$ such that if every edge of the complete graph $K_N$ receives a set of $s$ colors from a palette of $r$ colors, then there is a subset…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-15 David Conlon , Jacob Fox , Huy Tuan Pham , Yufei Zhao

Given two non-empty graphs $G,H$ and a positive integer $k$, the Gallai-Ramsey number $\operatorname{gr}_k(G:H)$ is defined as the minimum integer $N$ such that for all $n\geq N$, every $k$-edge-coloring of $K_n$ contains either a rainbow…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-08 Jinyu Zou , Zhao Wang , Hong-Jian Lai , Yaping Mao

For a fixed graph $F$, the $\textit{anti-Ramsey number}$, $AR(n,F)$, is the maximum number of colors in an edge-coloring of $K_n$ which does not contain a rainbow copy of $F$. In this paper, we determine the exact value of anti-Ramsey…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-18 Tian-Ying Xie , Long-Tu Yuan

Let $AP_k=\{a,a+d,\ldots,a+(k-1)d\}$ be an arithmetic progression. For $\epsilon>0$ we call a set $AP_k(\epsilon)=\{x_0,\ldots,x_{k-1}\}$ an $\epsilon$-approximate arithmetic progression if for some $a$ and $d$, $|x_i-(a+id)|<\epsilon d$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-15 Vojtech Rödl , Marcelo Sales

Let $k$ be a positive integer, and $G$ be a $k$-connected graph. An edge-coloured path is \emph{rainbow} if all of its edges have distinct colours. The \emph{rainbow $k$-connection number} of $G$, denoted by $rc_k(G)$, is the minimum number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-08 Shinya Fujita , Henry Liu , Boram Park

We consider coloring problems inspired by the theory of anti-Ramsey / rainbow colorings that we generalize to a far extent. Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a hereditary family of graphs; i.e., if $H\in \mathcal{F}$ and $H'\subset H$ then also…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-17 Yair Caro , Zsolt Tuza

Graham, R\"odl, and Ruci\'nski originally posed the problem of determining the minimum number of monochromatic Schur triples that must appear in any 2-coloring of the first $n$ integers. This question was subsequently resolved independently…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-28 Olaf Parczyk , Christoph Spiegel

Given graphs $G, H$ and an integer $q \ge 2$, the generalized Ramsey number, denoted $r(G,H,q)$, is the minimum number of colours needed to edge-colour $G$ such that every copy of $H$ receives at least $q$ colours. In this paper, we prove…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-06 Andrew Lane , Natasha Morrison