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Tipping points are one of the hot topics in modern physics of complex systems. But what is a tipping point? A generic definition declares it as ``a state of the system where a small change in its parameters can lead to a significant change…

Destabilization of the water cycle threatens human lives and livelihoods. Meanwhile our understanding of whether and how changes in vegetation cover could trigger abrupt transitions in moisture regimes remains incomplete. This challenge…

Coral reefs play a vital role in maintaining the ecological balance of the marine ecosystem. Various marine organisms depend on coral reefs for their existence and their natural processes. Coral reefs provide the necessary habitat for…

The climate system is a forced, dissipative, nonlinear, complex and heterogeneous system that is out of thermodynamic equilibrium. The system exhibits natural variability on many scales of motion, in time as well as space, and it is subject…

We review the background, theory and general equations for the analysis of equilibrium protein unfolding experiments, focusing on denaturant and heat-induced unfolding. The primary focus is on the thermodynamics of reversible…

A monolithic process is a single recursive equation with data parameters, which only uses non-determinism, action prefixing, and recursion. We present a technique that decomposes such a monolithic process into multiple processes where each…

Both direct and indirect weak nonresonant interactions are shown to produce entanglement between two initially disentangled systems prepared as a tensor product of thermal states, provided the initial temperature is sufficiently low.…

This chapter provides an overview of the basic concepts foundational to atmospheric physics and chemistry. We discuss the retention of atmospheres against thermal evaporation and the global energy balance of planets. We present simple…

Ponds are universally used to store water for a large number of uses. With the increasing demand for more fresh water, ponds, lakes and reservoirs are likely to be constructed on a larger scale. We must understand the effects of…

Living systems continuously transform matter and energy through the chemical processes that constitute their metabolism. The overall metabolic rate of an organism correlates positively with its body mass, however both the exact scaling…

Polymers and composite materials play an essential role in accelerator and detectors technology, with varying roles that range from electrical insulation and structural support to thermal management. This paper provides a general review of…

The diversity in mass and composition of planetary atmospheres stems from the different building blocks present in protoplanetary discs and from the different physical and chemical processes that these experience during the planetary…

Many illnesses are associated with an alteration of the immune system homeostasis due to any combination of factors, including exogenous bacterial insult, endogenous breakdown (e.g., development of a disease that results in immuno…

The work deals with the thermodynamical aspects of the cosmic substratum which is dissipative in nature. For homogeneous and isotropic model of the Universe this dissipative phenomenon is effective bulk viscous pressure in nature and is…

In structure-based models of proteins, one often assumes that folding is accomplished when all contacts are established. This assumption may frequently lead to a conceptual problem that folding takes place in a temperature region of very…

In this paper an asymptotic homogenization method for the analysis of composite materials with periodic microstructure in presence of thermodiffusion is described. Appropriate down-scaling relations correlating the microscopic fields to the…

This article examines the decoherence of a macroscopic body using a simple model of the environment and following the evolution of the pure state for the whole system. We found that decoherence occurs for very general initial conditions and…

The aging phenomena occurring in the course of cycling processes in the insertion host-guest compounds are discussed in the framework of a simple model. It takes into account two types of effects. One can be attributed to modifications of…

A novel model of biological organisms is advanced, treating an organism as a self-consistent system subject to a pathogen flux. The principal novelty of the model is that it describes not some parts, but a biological organism as a whole.…

Quantum coherence associated with the superpositions of two different sets of eigenbasis vectors has been regarded as essential in thermodynamics. It is found that coherent factors can be determined by writing observables as an expansion in…