Related papers: Negative probabilities and counter-factual reasoni…
Quantum computers promise significant speedups in solving problems intractable for conventional computers but, despite recent progress, remain limited in scaling and availability. Therefore, quantum software and hardware development heavily…
Lately, so-called "quantum" models, based on parts of the mathematics of quantum mechanics, have been developed in decision theory and cognitive sciences to account for seemingly irrational or paradoxical human judgments. We consider here…
We propose an operational quasiprobability function for qudits, enabling a comparison between quantum and hidden-variable theories. We show that the quasiprobability function becomes positive semidefinite if consecutive measurement results…
Measurement of a quantum system provides information concerning the state in which it was prepared. In this paper we show how the retrodictive formalism can be used to evaluate the probability associated with any one of a given set of…
The delayed-choice quantum eraser has long been a subject of controversy, and has been looked at as being incomprehensible to having retro-causal effect in time. Here the delayed-choice quantum eraser is theoretically analyzed using…
In the present article we introduce a quantum mechanism which is able to describe the creation of correlations in the evaluation of random independent events: such correlations, known as positive and negative recency, correspond…
Any bipartite quantum state has quasi-probability representations in terms of separable states. For entangled states these quasi-probabilities necessarily exhibit negativities. Based on the general structure of composite quantum states, one…
The direct counterfactual quantum communication protocol involving double chained Mach-Zehnder interferometers requires a single photon input. Here, we show that even with multiphoton light sources, including a strong coherent light source…
Counterfactual communication, i.e., communication without particle travelling in the transmission channel, is a bizarre quantum effect. Starting from interaction-free measurements many protocols achieving various tasks from counterfactual…
Gedanken experiments are important conceptual tools in the quest to reconcile our classical intuition with quantum mechanics and nowadays are routinely performed in the laboratory. An important open question is the quantum behaviour of the…
This paper demonstrates that some non-classical models of human decision-making can be run successfully as circuits on quantum computers. Since the 1960s, many observed cognitive behaviors have been shown to violate rules based on classical…
Negative probabilities have long been discussed in connection with the foundations of quantum mechanics. We have recently shown that, if signed measures are allowed on the hidden variables, the class of probability models which can be…
From its very beginning quantum theory has been revealing extraordinary and counter-intuitive phenomena, such as wave-particle duality, Schr\"odinger cats and quantum non-locality. In the study of quantum measurement, a process involving…
We introduce a class of communication tests where the task is to communicate partial ignorance by means of a physical system. We present a full characterization of the implementations of these tests in the qubit case and partial results for…
We explore a counterfactual protocol for energy transfer. A modified version of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer dissociates a photon's position and energy into separate channels, resulting in a photoelectric effect in one channel without the…
For theoretical approach of quantum measurements it is proposed a set of reconsidered conjectures. The proposed approach implies linear functional transformations for probability density and current but preserves the expressions for…
We propose a usage of a weak value for a quantum processing between preselection and postselection. While the weak value of a projector of 1 provides a process with certainty like the probability of 1, the weak value of -1 negates the…
It is proposed to define "quantumness" of a system (micro or macroscopic, physical, biological, social, political) by starting with understanding that quantum mechanics is a statistical theory. It says us only about probability…
Counterfactual explanations are attracting significant attention due to the flourishing applications of machine learning models in consequential domains. A counterfactual plan consists of multiple possibilities to modify a given instance so…
Projective measurement is a commonly used assumption in quantum mechanics. However, advances in quantum measurement techniques allow for partial measurements, which accurately estimate state information while keeping the wavefunction…