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In this lecture I give an introduction to the rotational energy extraction of black holes by the electromagnetic Blandford-Znajek process and the generation of relativistic jets. After some basic material on the electrodynamics of black…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Norbert Straumann

The collisional Penrose process received much attention when Banados, Silk and West (BSW) pointed out the possibility of test-particle collisions with arbitrarily high center-of-mass energy in the vicinity of the horizon of an extremally…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-02 Filip Hejda , José P. S. Lemos , Oleg B. Zaslavskii

Soon after the discovery of the Kerr metric, Penrose realized that superradiance can be exploited to extract energy from black holes. The original idea (involving the breakup of a single particle) yields only modest energy gains. A variant…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-07-01 Emanuele Berti , Richard Brito , Vitor Cardoso

In the present paper, we explore various gravitational aspects such as energy extraction (via the Penrose process and Superradiance), particle collisions around a $\mathcal{N}=2$, $U(1)^2$ dyonic rotating black hole (BH) in the gauged…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-11 Anik Rudra , Hemwati Nandan , Radouane Gannouji , Soham Chakraborty , Arindam Kumar Chatterjee

In this study, we explore the influence of quantum gravitational corrections, derived from Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG), on the efficiency of the magnetic Penrose process (MPP) in black hole (BH) environments. We begin by analyzing the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-02 Tursunali Xamidov , Pankaj Sheoran , Sanjar Shaymatov , Tao Zhu

Superradiance is known as a wave amplification process caused by rotating or charged black holes. We argue that the superradiance of stationary black holes in asymptotically AdS spacetimes can be characterized by the ability of energy…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-10-19 Takaaki Ishii , Youka Kaku , Keiju Murata

The Cauchy problem is considered for the scalar wave equation in the Kerr geometry. We prove that by choosing a suitable wave packet as initial data, one can extract energy from the black hole, thereby putting supperradiance, the wave…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 Felix Finster , Niky Kamran , Joel Smoller , Shing-Tung Yau

I present a theoretical and numerical (Monte Carlo) N-particle analysis of Penrose scattering processes in the ergosphere of a supermassive Kerr black hole. These GR model calculations reveal that the observed high energies and luminosities…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Reva Kay Williams

The Newman-Janis algorithm and its generalizations can be used mathematically to generate rotating solutions from nonrotating spherically-symmetric solutions within general relativity. The energy-momentum tensors of these solutions may or…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-05 Philip Beltracchi , Paolo Gondolo

We examine energy conversion from accreting pair plasma to outgoing Poynting flux by black hole rotation. Our approach is based on a two-fluid model consisting of collisionless pair plasma. The electric potential is not constant along…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-11-04 Yasufumi Kojima

In this paper, we aim to examine the electric Penrose process (PP) around a charged black hole in 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (EGB) gravity and bring out the effect of the Gauss-Bonnet (GB) coupling parameter $\alpha$ and black hole charge on…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-02 Mirzabek Alloqulov , Sanjar Shaymatov

The exact analytic solutions of the Maxwell equations in the exterior of a boosted rotating black hole immersed in an external magnetic field are obtained. The effect of boost as well as electromagnetic field on charged particle motion and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-10-19 Ahmadjon Abdujabbarov , Naresh Dadhich , Bobomurat Ahmedov

This paper explores the neutral particle motion and collisional Penrose process in ergoregion of the braneworld Kerr black hole. We analyze the properties of event horizon, ergosphere and static limit. The particle collision in ergoregion…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-01-06 Saeed Ullah Khan , Misbah Shahzadi , Jingli Ren

The Comisso-Asenjo mechanism is a novel mechanism proposed recently to extract energy from black holes through magnetic reconnection of the surrounding charged plasma, in which the magnetic field plays a crucial role. In this work, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-22 Shao-Jun Zhang

We investigate the collisional Penrose process of extended test particles near extremal Kerr black holes using the pole-dipole-quadrupole approximation. We analyze the motion of the test particles and examine the dynamics and maximum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-10-31 Aofei Sang , Jie Jiang , Ming Zhang

It has for long been an article of faith among astrophysicists that black hole spin energy is responsible for powering the relativistic jets seen in accreting black holes. Two recent advances have strengthened the case. First, numerical…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-15 Ramesh Narayan , Jeffrey E. McClintock , Alexander Tchekhovskoy

A simple exact solution of the Einstein - Maxwell field equations for charged non-rotating black hole accelerated by an external electric field is presented. The background space-time, described by the well known Bertotti-Robinson solution,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-11 G. A. Alekseev

The possibility of extracting energy from a rotating black hole via the Blandford-Znajek mechanism represents a cornerstone of relativistic astrophysics. We present general-relativistic collisionless kinetic simulations of Kerr black-hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-19 Claudio Meringolo , Filippo Camilloni , Luciano Rezzolla

We construct series of solutions for the Kerr-type rotating black hole with non-trivial matter in flat and (A)dS backgrounds. Symmetry arguments and singularity analysis in the proposed black hole models fix the free parameters of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-11-13 A. J. Nurmagambetov

In this article, we study the superradiance of charged scalar fields on the sub-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom metric, a mechanism by which such fields can extract energy from a static spherically symmetric charged black hole. A geometrical…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-08-06 Laurent Di Menza , Jean-Philippe Nicolas