Energy extraction from AdS black holes via superradiance

Superradiance is known as a wave amplification process caused by rotating or charged black holes. We argue that the superradiance of stationary black holes in asymptotically AdS spacetimes can be characterized by the ability of energy extraction. Specifically, we demonstrate that energy can be extracted from Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m-AdS$_4$ and Kerr-AdS$_4$ under appropriate time-dependent boundary conditions at conformal boundaries. This indicates that energy can be extracted from thermal states dual to these black holes by applying appropriate time-dependent sources. We also show that the energy extraction can be realized as a reversible process.