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Let $G$ be any connected graph on $n$ vertices, $n \ge 2.$ Let $k$ be any positive integer. Suppose that a fire breaks out at some vertex of $G.$ Then, in each turn firefighters can protect at most $k$ vertices of $G$ not yet on fire; Next…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-11 Przemysław Gordinowicz

In a graph $G$, a fire starts at some vertex. At every time step, firefighters can protect up to $k$ vertices, and then the fire spreads to all unprotected neighbours. The $k$-surviving rate $\rho_k(G)$ of $G$ is the expectation of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-05-17 Louis Esperet , Jan van den Heuvel , Frédéric Maffray , Félix Sipma

In this paper, we consider the following \emph{$k$-many firefighter problem} on a finite graph $G=(V,E)$. Suppose that a fire breaks out at a given vertex $v \in V$. In each subsequent time unit, a firefighter protects $k$ vertices which…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-06-12 Paweł Prałat

In this paper, we consider the \emph{firefighter problem} on a graph $G=(V,E)$ that is either finite or infinite. Suppose that a fire breaks out at a given vertex $v \in V$. In each subsequent time unit, a firefighter protects one vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-06-20 Tomas Gavenciak , Jan Kratochvil , Pawel Pralat

Consider a model of fire spreading through a graph; initially some vertices are burning, and at every given time-step fire spreads from burning vertices to their neighbours. The firefighter problem is a solitaire game in which a player is…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Arye Deutch , Ohad Noy Feldheim , Rani Hod

The firefighter problem is defined as below. A fire initially breaks out at a vertex r on a graph G. In each step, a firefighter chooses to protect one vertex, which is not yet burnt. And the fire spreads out to its unprotected neighboring…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Ming Lam Leung

The firefighter problem is a monotone dynamic process in graphs that can be viewed as modeling the use of a limited supply of vaccinations to stop the spread of an epidemic. In more detail, a fire spreads through a graph, from burning…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-01-03 Ohad N. Feldheim , Rani Hod

We investigate a new oriented variant of the Firefighter Problem. In the traditional Firefighter Problem, a fire breaks out at a given vertex of a graph, and at each time interval spreads to neighbouring vertices that have not been…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-06-25 Julien Bensmail , Nick Brettell

Suppose we have a network that is represented by a graph $G$. Potentially a fire (or other type of contagion) might erupt at some vertex of $G$. We are able to respond to this outbreak by establishing a firebreak at $k$ other vertices of…

The firefighter problem with $k$ firefighters on an infinite graph $G$ is an iterative graph process, defined as follows: Suppose a fire breaks out at a given vertex $v\in V(G)$ on Turn 1. On each subsequent even turn, $k$ firefighters…

The Firefighter problem is to place firefighters on the vertices of a graph to prevent a fire with known starting point from lighting up the entire graph. In each time step, a firefighter may be permanently placed on an unburned vertex and…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-09-23 Marek Cygan , Fedor V. Fomin , Erik Jan van Leeuwen

Graph burning studies how fast a contagion, modeled as a set of fires, spreads in a graph. The burning process takes place in synchronous, discrete rounds. In each round, a fire breaks out at a vertex, and the fire spreads to all vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-05 Anthony Bonato , Sean English , Bill Kay , Daniel Moghbel

The burning number of a graph $G$ is the smallest positive integer $k$ such that the vertex set of $G$ can be covered with balls of radii $0, 1, \dots, k-1$. A well-known conjecture by Bonato, Janssen and Roshabin states that any connected…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-27 Anders Martinsson

In the classic version of the game of firefighter, on the first turn a fire breaks out on a vertex in a graph $G$ and then $b$ firefighters protect $b$ vertices. On each subsequent turn, the fire spreads to the collective unburned…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-07 Andrea C. Burgess , John Hawkin , Alexander Howse , John Marcoux , David A. Pike

In the classic version of the game of firefighter, on the first turn a fire breaks out on a vertex in a graph $G$ and then $k$ firefighters protect $k$ vertices. On each subsequent turn, the fire spreads to the collective unburnt…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-01 Andrea Burgess , John Marcoux , David Pike

It is well known that fighting a fire is a hard task. The Firefighter problem asks how to optimally deploy firefighters to defend the vertices of a graph from a fire. This problem is NP-Complete on all but a few classes of graphs.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Samuel Hand , Jessica Enright , Kitty Meeks

Graph burning is a graph process that models the spread of social contagion. Initially, all the vertices of a graph $G$ are unburnt. At each step, an unburnt vertex is put on fire and the fire from burnt vertices of the previous step…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-15 Sandip Das , Sk Samim Islam , Ritam M Mitra , Sanchita Paul

A procedure called \textit{graph burning} was introduced to facilitate the modelling of spread of an alarm, a social contagion, or a social influence or emotion on graphs and networks. Graph burning runs on discrete time-steps (or rounds).…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Arya Tanmay Gupta

We consider a pursuit-evasion game that describes the process of extinguishing a fire burning on the nodes of an undirected graph. We denote the minimum number of firefighters required by ffn(G) and provide almost sharp bounds to this graph…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Julius Althoetmar , Jamico Schade , Torben Schürenberg

The Firefighting problem is defined as follows. At time $t=0$, a fire breaks out at a vertex of a graph. At each time step $t \geq 0$, a firefighter permanently defends (protects) an unburned vertex, and the fire then spread to all…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-11-29 Bireswar Das , Murali Krishna Enduri , Neeldhara Misra , I. Vinod Reddy
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