Related papers: Counting Photons in Static Electric and Magnetic F…
Determining an unknown quantum state from an ensemble of identical systems is a fundamental, yet experimentally demanding, task in quantum science. Here we study the number of measurement bases needed to fully characterize an arbitrary…
A manifestly covariant treatment of the free quantum eletromagnetic field, in a linear covariant gauge, is implemented employing the Schwinger's Variational Principle and the B-field formalism. It is also discussed the abelian Proca's model…
We study the dynamics of classical and quantum systems undergoing a continuous measurement of position by schematizing the measurement apparatus with an infinite set of harmonic oscillators at finite temperature linearly coupled to the…
The electromagnetic field in an anisotropic and inhomogeneous magnetodielectric is quantized by modelling the medium with two independent quantum fields. Some coupling tensors coupling the electromagnetic field with the medium are…
We compute the photon polarization tensor at one-loop order in the presence of a constant and uniform electric field. Our calculation is carried out for arbitrary field strength using the Schwinger proper-time formalism, and we explicitly…
The behavior of photons is controlled by quantum mechanics, not as deterministic as classical optics shows. To this end, we defined a new statistic $Z$, which is equal to the variance minus the expectation or mean. Then, we established a…
While the numerical value of the speed of light is known with extraordinary precision, its theoretical definition remains a subject of fundamental interest. We show that the definition of mass and velocity of light follow from the conserved…
Electromagnetic modes with parabolic-cylindrical symmetry and their dynamical variables are studied both in the classical and quantum realm. As a result, a new dynamical constant for the electromagnetic field is identified and linked to the…
We consider an interacting system of massless scalar and electromagnetic field, with the Lagrangian explicitly depending on the electromagnetic potentials, i.e., interaction with broken gauge invariance. The Lagrangian for interaction is…
We find exact, simple solutions to the Proca version of Maxwell's equations with magnetic sources. Several properties of these solutions differ from the usual case of magnetic charge with a massless photon: (i) the string singularities of…
Atomic-like systems in which electronic motion is two dimensional are now realizable as ``quantum dots''. In place of the attraction of a nucleus there is a confining potential, usually assumed to be quadratic. Additionally, a perpendicular…
We consider classical and quantum electromagnetic fields in a three-dimensional (3D) cavity and in a waveguide with oscillating boundaries of the frequency $\Omega $. The photons created by the parametric resonance are distributed in the…
Modification of the right-hand-side of canonical commutation relations (CCR) naturally occurs if one considers a harmonic oscillator with indefinite frequency. Quantization of electromagnetic field by means of such a non-CCR algebra…
This article devoted to relativistic dynamics of a charged massive particle in an electroscalar field. It represents a continuation of paper [1] where the authors constructed a non-relativistic theory which describes transverse…
The field of a moving pointlike charge is determined in nonlinear local electrodynamics. As a model Lagrangian for the latter we take the one whose nonlinearity is the Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian of quantum electrodynamics truncated at the…
In the present article, we discuss a modification of classical electrodynamics in which ``ordinary'' point charges are absent. The modified equations contain additional terms describing the induced charges and currents. The densities of the…
The relativistic ``no pair'' model of quantum electrodynamics uses the Dirac operator, D(A), for the electron dynamics together with the usual self-energy of the quantized ultraviolet cutoff electromagnetic field A -- in the Coulomb gauge.…
The possibility of the existence of magnetic charges is one of the greatest unsolved issues of the physics of this century. The concept of magnetic monopoles has at least two attractive features: (i) Electric and magnetic fields can be…
Quantizing the electromagnetic field with a group formalism faces the difficulty of how to turn the traditional gauge transformation of the vector potential, $A_{\mu}(x)\rightarrow A_{\mu}(x)+\partial_{\mu}\varphi(x)$, into a group law. In…
It is well known that one cannot construct a self-consistent quantum field theory describing the non-relativistic electromagnetic interaction mediated by massive photons between a point-like electric charge and a magnetic monopole. We show…