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Recognizing discriminative details such as eyes and beaks is important for distinguishing fine-grained classes since they have similar overall appearances. In this regard, we introduce Task Discrepancy Maximization (TDM), a simple module…
Secure similar document detection (SSDD) identifies similar documents of two parties while each party does not disclose its own sensitive documents to another party. In this paper, we propose an efficient 2-step protocol that exploits a…
Cryogenic detectors are at the forefront of rare-event search experiments, including direct detection of dark matter, coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering, neutrinoless double-beta decay, and searches for fractionally charged…
Single-particle cryo-Electron Microscopy (EM) has become a popular technique for determining the structure of challenging biomolecules that are inaccessible to other technologies. Recent advances in automation, both in data collection and…
Owing to their tunability and versatility, the two-dimensional materials are an excellent platform to conduct a variety of experiments. However, laborious device fabrication procedures remain as a major experimental challenge. One…
Stochastic and mixed stochastic-deterministic density functional theory (DFT) are promising new approaches for the calculation of the equation-of-state and transport properties in materials under extreme conditions. In the intermediate warm…
It has been argued that in atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of sparse weakly scattering structures, such as small biological molecules, multiple electron scattering usually has only a small effect, while the…
When characterising beam-sensitive materials in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), low-dose techniques are essential for the reliable observation of samples in their true state. A simple route to minimise both the total…
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) extracts single-particle density projections of individual biomolecules. Although cryo-EM is widely used for 3D reconstruction, due to its single-particle nature, it has the potential to provide…
We apply classical machine vision and machine deep learning methods to prototype signal classifiers for the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. Our novel approach uses two-dimensional spectrograms of measured and simulated radio…
Open-world object detection (OWOD) requires detectors to localize known classes while identifying unknown objects for future incremental learning. We find that the unknown prediction streams of strong OWOD detectors are heavily polluted: on…
The detection and classification of exfoliated two-dimensional (2D) material flakes from optical microscope images can be automated using computer vision algorithms. This has the potential to increase the accuracy and objectivity of…
We target the problem of estimating the center of mass of noisy 2-D images. We assume that the noise dominates the image, and thus many standard approaches are vulnerable to estimation errors. Our approach uses a surrogate function to the…
Confocal microscopy of colloids combined with digital image processing has become a powerful tool in soft matter physics and materials science. Together, these techniques enable locating and tracking of more than half a million individual…
The matched filter (MF) is one of the most popular and reliable techniques to the detect signals of known structure and amplitude smaller than the level of the contaminating noise. Under the assumption of stationary Gaussian noise, MF…
We present an experimental technique for realizing a specific absorption spectral pattern in a rare-earth-doped crystal at cryogenic temperatures. This pattern is subsequently probed on two spectral channels simultaneously, thereby…
We report on a novel bichromatic fluorescent imaging scheme for background-free detection of single CaF molecules trapped in an optical tweezer array. By collecting fluorescence on one optical transition while using another for…
Atomic resolution imaging in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning TEM (STEM) of light elements in electron-transparent materials has long been a challenge. Biomolecular materials, for example, are rapidly altered when…
Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) enables material-specific imaging through acquisitions at two different X-ray energy spectra. Material decomposition from DECT data is an ill-posed inverse problem that is highly sensitive to noise…
Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has been extensively used for imaging complex materials down to atomic resolution. The most commonly employed STEM modality, annular dark-field imaging, produces easily-interpretable…