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We introduce the Treebank of Learner English (TLE), the first publicly available syntactic treebank for English as a Second Language (ESL). The TLE provides manually annotated POS tags and Universal Dependency (UD) trees for 5,124 sentences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-09 Yevgeni Berzak , Jessica Kenney , Carolyn Spadine , Jing Xian Wang , Lucia Lam , Keiko Sophie Mori , Sebastian Garza , Boris Katz

Different from other sequential data, sentences in natural language are structured by linguistic grammars. Previous generative conversational models with chain-structured decoder ignore this structure in human language and might generate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-01-04 Ganbin Zhou , Ping Luo , Rongyu Cao , Yijun Xiao , Fen Lin , Bo Chen , Qing He

While many languages possess processes of joining two or more words to create compound words, previous studies have been typically limited only to languages with excessively productive compound formation (e.g., German, Dutch) and there is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Benjamin Minixhofer , Jonas Pfeiffer , Ivan Vulić

The performance of automatic speech recognition (ASR) models can be greatly improved by proper beam-search decoding with external language model (LM). There has been an increasing interest in Korean speech recognition, but not many studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Kyuhong Shim , Hyewon Bae , Wonyong Sung

In this study, we introduce KOPL, a novel framework for handling Korean OOV words with Phoneme representation Learning. Our work is based on the linguistic property of Korean as a phonemic script, the high correlation between phonemes and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Nayeon Kim , Eojin Jeon , Jun-Hyung Park , SangKeun Lee

We present our shared task on evaluating the adaptability of LLMs and NLP systems across multiple languages and cultures. The task data consist of an extended version of our manually constructed BLEnD benchmark (Myung et al. 2024), covering…

Treebank translation is a promising method for cross-lingual transfer of syntactic dependency knowledge. The basic idea is to map dependency arcs from a source treebank to its target translation according to word alignments. This method,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-06 Zhang Meishan , Zhang Yue , Fu Guohong

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) involves complex interdependencies among processes, materials, feedstock, and post-processing steps. However, the underlying relationships and domain knowledge remain fragmented across literature and static…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Muhammad Tayyab Khan , Lequn Chen , Wenhe Feng , Seung Ki Moon

Large language models have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various natural language processing tasks, especially in solving mathematical problems. However, large language models are not good at math theorem proving using formal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Huaiyuan Ying , Zijian Wu , Yihan Geng , Zheng Yuan , Dahua Lin , Kai Chen

Several recent works have suggested to represent semantic relations with questions and answers, decomposing textual information into separate interrogative natural language statements. In this paper, we consider three QA-based semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Ayal Klein , Eran Hirsch , Ron Eliav , Valentina Pyatkin , Avi Caciularu , Ido Dagan

This paper describes our system (HIT-SCIR) submitted to the CoNLL 2018 shared task on Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies. We base our submission on Stanford's winning system for the CoNLL 2017 shared task and make…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-31 Wanxiang Che , Yijia Liu , Yuxuan Wang , Bo Zheng , Ting Liu

Spoken language processing requires speech and natural language integration. Moreover, spoken Korean calls for unique processing methodology due to its linguistic characteristics. This paper presents SKOPE, a connectionist/symbolic spoken…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Geunbae Lee , Jong-Hyeok Lee

We present an approach for assessing how multilingual large language models (LLMs) learn syntax in terms of multi-formalism syntactic structures. We aim to recover constituent and dependency structures by casting parsing as sequence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Alberto Muñoz-Ortiz , David Vilares , Carlos Gómez-Rodríguez

In order to develop association studies and to improve the phenotypic description for abiotic and biotic stress related traits, nested core collections of 48, 96, 144 and 384 sunflower lines were built from a set of 752 diverse, public or…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-04 Marie Coque , Sébastien Mesnildrey , Michel Romestant , Bruno Grezes-Besset , Félicity Vear , Nicolas B Langlade , Patrick Vincourt

A syntactic language model (SLM) incrementally generates a sentence with its syntactic tree in a left-to-right manner. We present Generative Pretrained Structured Transformers (GPST), an unsupervised SLM at scale capable of being…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Xiang Hu , Pengyu Ji , Qingyang Zhu , Wei Wu , Kewei Tu

There is currently a gap between the natural language expression of scholarly publications and their structured semantic content modeling to enable intelligent content search. With the volume of research growing exponentially every year, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Jennifer D'Souza , Sören Auer , Ted Pedersen

Syntactic parsing is a highly linguistic processing task whose parser requires training on treebanks from the expensive human annotation. As it is unlikely to obtain a treebank for every human language, in this work, we propose an effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Kailai Sun , Zuchao Li , Hai Zhao

Lexical gaps are words that do not exist in certain languages. They pose challenges for building multilingual lexical resources, for machine translation, and for cross-lingual transfer. Existing lexical gap detection relies on human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yoonwon Jung , Aaron S. Cohen , Benjamin K. Bergen

In creating sentence embeddings for Natural Language Inference (NLI) tasks, using transformer-based models like BERT leads to high accuracy, but require hundreds of millions of parameters. These models take in sentences as a sequence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Jason Lunder

Training state-of-the-art large language models requires vast amounts of clean and diverse textual data. However, building suitable multilingual datasets remains a challenge. In this work, we present HPLT v2, a collection of high-quality…