Related papers: Stable Fixed Points of Card Trick Functions
The 21 card trick is well known. It was recently shown in an episode of the popular YouTube channel Numberphile. In that trick, the audience is asked to remember a card, and through a series of steps, the magician is able to find the card.…
We consider a card guessing game with complete feedback. An ordered deck of $n$ cards labeled $1$ up to $n$ is riffle-shuffled exactly one time. Given a value $p\in(0{,}1)\setminus\{\frac12\}$, the riffle shuffle is assumed to be…
We consider a card guessing game with complete feedback. An ordered deck of $n$ cards labeled $1$ up to $n$ is shelf-shuffled exactly one time. One after the other a single card is drawn from the shuffled deck. The guesser makes has guess…
A graph with convex quadratic stability number is a graph for which the stability number is determined by solving a convex quadratic program. Since the very beginning, where a convex quadratic programming upper bound on the stability number…
In this paper, we are interested in the number of fixed points of functions $f:A^n\to A^n$ over a finite alphabet $A$ defined on a given signed digraph $D$. We first use techniques from network coding to derive some lower bounds on the…
We consider the problem of stable matching with dynamic preference lists. At each time step, the preference list of some player may change by swapping random adjacent members. The goal of a central agency (algorithm) is to maintain an…
In this paper we propose a method to define the range of stability of fixed points for a variety of discrete fractional systems of the order $0 < \alpha <2$. The method is tested on various forms of fractional generalizations of the…
When shuffling a deck of cards, one probably wants to make sure it is thoroughly shuffled. A way to do this is by sifting through the cards to ensure that no adjacent cards are the same number, because surely this is a poorly shuffled deck.…
The concept of fixed point plays a crucial role in various fields of applied mathematics. The aim of this paper is to establish the existence of a unique fixed point of some type of functions which satisfy a new contraction principle,…
In this paper, we provide a probabilistic analysis of the confidentiality in a card-based protocol. We focus on Bert den Boer's original Five Card Trick to develop our approach. Five Card Trick was formulated as a secure two-party…
A fundamental property of choice functions is stability, which, loosely speaking, prescribes that choice sets are invariant under adding and removing unchosen alternatives. We provide several structural insights that improve our…
We consider a card guessing game with complete feedback. A ordered deck of n cards labeled 1 up to n is riffle-shuffled exactly one time. Then, the goal of the game is to maximize the number of correct guesses of the cards, where one after…
Stable matching is a fundamental problem studied both in economics and computer science. The task is to find a matching between two sides of agents that have preferences over who they want to be matched with. A matching is stable if no pair…
We generalize several schedule matching theorems of Baiou-Balinski (Math. Oper. Res., 27 (2002), 485) and Alkan-Gale (J. Econ. Th. 112 (2003), 289) by applying a fixed point method of Fleiner (Math. Oper. Res., 28 (2003), 103). Thanks to a…
Let a deck of n cards be shuffled by successively exchanging the cards in positions 1, 2, ..., n with cards in randomly chosen positions. We show that for n equal to 18 or greater, the identity permutation is the most likely. We prove a…
Blackjack or "21" is a popular card-based game of chance and skill. The objective of the game is to win by obtaining a hand total higher than the dealer's without exceeding 21. The ideal blackjack strategy will maximize financial return in…
The fixing number of a graph $G$ is the order of the smallest subset $S$ of its vertex set $V(G)$ such that stabilizer of $S$ in $G$, $\Gamma_{S}(G)$ is trivial. Let $G_{1}$ and $G_{2}$ be disjoint copies of a graph $G$, and let…
The author has long enjoyed using the CSP refinement checker FDR to solve puzzles, as witnessed by examples in \cite{tpc,ucs}. Recent experiments have shown that a number of games of patience (card games for one) are now well within bounds.…
In this paper we investigate the action of self-consistent transfer operators (STOs) on Birkhoff cones and give sufficient conditions for stability of their fixed points. Our approach relies on the order preservation properties of STOs that…
Card-based cryptography is a research area that realizes cryptographic protocols such as secure computation by applying shuffles to sequences of cards that encode input values. A single-cut full-open protocol is one that obtains an output…