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In his 1985 survey of notions of exchangeability, Aldous introduced a form of exchangeability corresponding to the symmetries of the infinite discrete cube, and asked whether these exchangeable probability measures enjoy a representation…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-08-19 Tim Austin

We study the problem of when, given a countable homogeneous structure $M$ and a space $S$ of expansions of $M$, every $\mathrm{Aut}(M)$-invariant probability measure on $S$ is exchangeable (i.e. invariant under all permutations of the…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-02-21 Samuel Braunfeld , Colin Jahel , Paolo Marimon

This paper proves a representation theorem regarding sequences of random elements that take values in a Borel space and are measurable with respect to the sigma algebra generated by an arbitrary union of sigma algebras. This, together with…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-07-07 Michael J. Neely

Suppose we observe an infinite series of coin flips $X_1,X_2,\ldots$, and wish to sequentially test the null that these binary random variables are exchangeable. Nonnegative supermartingales (NSMs) are a workhorse of sequential inference,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-07-26 Aaditya Ramdas , Johannes Ruf , Martin Larsson , Wouter Koolen

Suppose that $X$ is a Polish space, $E$ is a countable Borel equivalence relation on $X$, and $\mu$ is an $E$-invariant Borel probability measure on $X$. We consider the circumstances under which for every countable non-abelian free group…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-02-25 Clinton T. Conley , Benjamin D. Miller

Let $\Omega$ be a countable infinite product $\Omega^\N$ of copies of the same probability space $\Omega_1$, and let ${\Xi_n}$ be the sequence of the coordinate projection functions from $\Omega$ to $\Omega_1$. Let $\Psi$ be a possibly…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-08-22 Alexander R. Pruss

A sequence $x_1,\dots,x_n,\dots$ of discrete-valued observations is generated according to some unknown probabilistic law (measure) $\mu$. After observing each outcome, one is required to give conditional probabilities of the next…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-12-30 Daniil Ryabko

A sequence of random variables is exchangeable if its joint distribution is invariant under variable permutations. We introduce exchangeable variable models (EVMs) as a novel class of probabilistic models whose basic building blocks are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-05-06 Mathias Niepert , Pedro Domingos

Let $(X_1,\ldots,X_n)$ be an exchangeable random vector with distribution function $F$, and denote by $Y_1\leq \cdots\leq Y_n$ the corresponding order statistics. We show that the conditional distribution of $(X_1,\ldots,X_n)$ given…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-02 Nickos Papadatos

Given two measurable spaces $H$ and $D$ with countably generated $\sigma$-algebras, a perfect prior probability measure $P_H$ on $H$ and a sampling distribution $S: H \rightarrow D$, there is a corresponding inference map $I: D \rightarrow…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2018-08-16 Jared Culbertson , Kirk Sturtz

We survey known solutions to the infinite extendibility problem for (necessarily exchangeable) probability laws on $\mathbb{R}^d$, which is: Can a given random vector $\vec{X} = (X_1,\ldots,X_d)$ be represented in distribution as the first…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-11-06 Jan-Frederik Mai

A predictive distribution over a sequence of $N+1$ events is said to be "frequency mimicking" whenever the probability for the final event conditioned on the outcome of the first $N$ events equals the relative frequency of successes among…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-09-06 Frank Lad , Giuseppe Sanfilippo

In a recent paper, the authors studied the distribution properties of a class of exchangeable processes, called measure-valued P\'{o}lya sequences (MVPS), which arise as the observation process in a generalized urn sampling scheme. Here we…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-08-13 Hristo Sariev , Mladen Savov

This note establishes that if a sequence $P_n, n=1,\ldots$ of probability measures converges in total variation to the limiting probability measure $P$, and $\sigma$-algebras $\mathbb{A}$ and $\mathbb{B}$ are conditionally independent given…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-01-15 Steffen Lauritzen

Let (X k) be a strictly stationary sequence of random variables with values in some Polish space E and common marginal $\mu$, and (A k) k>0 be a sequence of Borel sets in E. In this paper, we give some conditions on (X k) and (A k) under…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-04-04 Jérôme Dedecker , Florence Merlevède , Emmanuel Rio

Let $\mu$ be a given Borel measure on $\K\subseteq\R^n$ and let $y=(y_\alpha)$, $\alpha\in\N^n$, be a given sequence. We provide several conditions linking $y$ and the moment sequence $z=(z_\alpha)$ of $\mu$, for $y$ to be the moment…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2011-11-09 Jean B. Lasserre

Let $(X,\mathcal{A}, \mu)$ be a probability measure space and let $T_i,$ $1\leq i\leq H,$ be invertible bi measurable measure preserving transformations on this measure space. We give a sufficient condition for the product of $H$ bounded…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2018-05-22 Idris Assani

Let $S= (s_1<s_2<\dots)$ be a strictly increasing sequence of positive integers and denote $\mathbf{e}(\beta)=\mathrm{e}^{2\pi i \beta}$. We say $S$ is good if for every real $\alpha$ the limit $\lim_N \frac1N\sum_{n\le N}…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2023-11-14 E. Lesigne , A. Quas , J. Rosenblatt , M. Wierdl

Let (X_n) be a sequence of random variables (with values in a separable metric space) and (N_n) a sequence of random indices. Conditions for X_{N_n} to converge stably (in particular, in distribution) are provided. Some examples, where such…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-10-01 Patrizia Berti , Irene Crimaldi , Luca Pratelli , Pietro Rigo

Let $X$ be a locally compact Polish space. A random measure on $X$ is a probability measure on the space of all (nonnegative) Radon measures on $X$. Denote by $\mathbb K(X)$ the cone of all Radon measures $\eta$ on $X$ which are of the form…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-03-17 Yuri Kondratiev , Tobias Kuna , Eugene Lytvynov