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We perform simulations and experiments on an oscillating atomic force microscope cantilever approaching a surface, where the intermodulation response of the cantilever driven with two pure harmonic tones is investigated. In the simulations,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-02-25 Daniel Platz , Daniel Forchheimer , Erik A. Tholén , Carsten Hutter , David B. Haviland

A spreadsheet algorithm is given for the atomic force microscope that accounts for non-linear behavior in the deflection of the cantilever and in the photo-diode response. In addition, the data analysis algorithm takes into account…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2013-01-15 Phil Attard

This article describes how a frequency modulation AFM using a hanging fiber force probe made from a quartz tuning fork provides local measurements on liquid-liquid interfaces. After detailing the manufacture and calibration of the force…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-05-23 Matthieu Rocheron , Christian Curtil , Hubert R. Klein

Detection of dynamic surface displacements associated with local changes in material strain provides access to a number of phenomena and material properties. Contact resonance-enhanced methods of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) have been…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-10-12 Nina Balke , Stephen Jesse , Pu Yu , Ben Carmichael , Sergei V. Kalinin , Alexander Tselev

We propose a new method to investigate interactions involved in atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is a dynamical method relying on the growth of oscillations via parametric resonance. With this method the second and third derivatives of the…

Materials Science · Physics 2007-05-23 Franz-Josef Elmer

Atomic force microscope (AFM) users often calibrate the spring constants of cantilevers using functionality built into individual instruments. This is performed without reference to a global standard, which hinders robust comparison of…

The dynamic behavior of AFM is studied taking into account the nonlinear interaction forces between probe and sample. The exerted forces on the free end of micro-beam are simulated with the third degree polynomial. The effect of some…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-09-15 Sina Eftekhar , Seyyed Mostafa Mousavi Janbeh Sarayi

We report on progress in developing compact sensors for atomic force microscopy (AFM), in which the mechanical transducer is integrated with near-field optical readout on a single chip. The motion of a nanoscale, doubly-clamped cantilever…

Optics · Physics 2015-06-05 Yuxiang Liu , Houxun Miao , Vladimir Aksyuk , Kartik Srinivasan

Conventional dynamic atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be extended to bimodal and multimodal AFM in which the cantilever is simultaneously excited at two ore more resonance frequencies. Such excitation schemes result in one additional…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2014-11-19 Daniel Forchheimer , Stanislav S. Borysov , Daniel Platz , David B. Haviland

Various methods of force measurement with the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) are compared for their ability to accurately determine the tip-surface force from analysis of the nonlinear cantilever motion. It is explained how intermodulation,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-03-12 Daniel Platz , Daniel Forchheimer , Erik A. Tholén , David B. Haviland

We consider the stochastic dynamics of an array of two closely spaced atomic force microscope cantilevers in a viscous fluid for use as a possible biomolecule sensor. The cantilevers are not driven externally, as is common in applications…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 M. T. Clark , M. R. Paul

An ongoing challenge in atomic force microscope (AFM) experiments is the quantitative measurement of cantilever motion. The vast majority of AFMs use the optical beam deflection (OBD) method to infer the deflection of the cantilever. The…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-22 Aleks Labuda , Roger Proksch

Atomically-resolved imaging and force measurements using the atomic force microscope (AFM) are performed most commonly in a frequency-modulation (FM) mode. This has led to spectacular results, including direct observation of the atomic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-12-26 John E. Sader , Barry D. Hughes , Ferdinand Huber , Franz J. Giessibl

Forces acting between an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) tip and sample are three dimensional. Despite this, most AFM force measurements are confined to one or two dimensions. Extending AFM force measurements into three dimensions has…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-04-21 Roger Proksch , Ryan Wagner

Quantifying the tip-sample interaction at the nanoscale in Amplitude Modulation mode AFM is challenging, especially when measuring in liquids. Here, we derive formulas for the tip-sample conservative and dissipative interactions and…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-11-24 Luca Costa , Mario S Rodrigues

The Transient Fluctuation Theorem is used to calibrate an Atomic Force Microscope by measuring the fluctuations of the work performed by a time dependent force applied between a collo{\"i}dal probe and the surface. From this measure one can…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-12-02 Samuel Albert , Aubin Archambault , Artyom Petrosyan , Caroline Crauste-Thibierge , Ludovic Bellon , Sergio Ciliberto

In atomic force microscopy (AFM), the angle relative to the vertical ($\theta_{i}$) that the tip apex of a cantilever moves is determined by the tilt of the probe holder and the geometries of the cantilever and actuated eigenmode $i$. Even…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-08-01 Joseph L. Garrett , Lisa J. Krayer , Kevin J. Palm , Jeremy N. Munday

We report a systematic study to determine local elastic properties of surfaces combining atomic force microscope (AFM) with acoustic waves which is known as atomic force acoustic microscopy - AFAM. We describe the methodology of AFAM in…

Materials Science · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Banerjee , N. Gayathri , S. R. Shannigrahi , S. Dash , A. K. Tyagi , B. Raj

The interaction between a rapidly oscillating atomic force microscope tip and a soft material surface is described using both elastic and viscous forces with a moving surface model. We derive the simplest form of this model, motivating it…

In atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip-surface interactions are usually considered as functions of the tip position only, so-called force curves. However, tip-surface interactions often depend on the tip velocity and the past tip trajectory.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-01-31 Daniel Platz , Daniel Forchheimer , Erik A. Tholén , David B. Haviland