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The firefighter game problem on locally finite connected graphs was introduced by Bert Hartnell. The game on a graph $G$ can be described as follows: let $f_n$ be a sequence of positive integers; an initial fire starts at a finite set of…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-01-13 Eduardo Martínez-Pedroza

We consider a pursuit-evasion game that describes the process of extinguishing a fire burning on the nodes of an undirected graph. We denote the minimum number of firefighters required by ffn(G) and provide almost sharp bounds to this graph…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Julius Althoetmar , Jamico Schade , Torben Schürenberg

The dynamics of infectious diseases spread is crucial in determining their risk and offering ways to contain them. We study sequential vaccination of individuals in networks. In the original (deterministic) version of the Firefighter…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-11-23 Guy Tennenholtz , Constantine Caramanis , Shie Mannor

The severity of wildfires can be mitigated adopting preventive measures like the construction of firebreaks that are strips of land from which the vegetation is completely removed. In this paper, we model the problem of wildfire containment…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Marc Demange , Alessia Di Fonso , Gabriele Di Stefano , Pierpaolo Vittorini

In the Firefighter problem, a fire breaks out at a vertex of a graph and at each subsequent time step, the firefighter chooses a vertex to protect and then the fire spreads from each burned vertex to every unprotected neighbour. The problem…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-03 Margaret-Ellen Messinger , Spencer Yarnell

In the eternal vertex cover problem, mobile guards on the vertices of a graph are used to defend it against an infinite sequence of attacks on its edges by moving to neighbor vertices. The eternal vertex cover problem consists in…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Tiziana Calamoneri , Federico Corò

The Firefighter problem and a variant of it, known as Resource Minimization for Fire Containment (RMFC), are natural models for optimal inhibition of harmful spreading processes. Despite considerable progress on several fronts, the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-03-15 David Adjiashvili , Andrea Baggio , Rico Zenklusen

Unit disk graphs are the set of graphs which represent the intersection of disk graphs and interval graphs. These graphs are of great importance due to their structural similarity with wireless communication networks. Firefighter problem on…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Diptendu Chatterjee , Rishiraj Bhattacharyya

Graph burning is a discrete-time process that models the spread of influence in a network. Vertices are either burning or unburned, and in each round, a burning vertex causes all of its neighbours to become burning before a new fire source…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-24 Karen Gunderson , William Kellough , JD Nir , Hritik Punj

The spread of an infection, a contagion, meme, emotion, message and various other spreadable objects have been discussed in several works. Burning and firefighting have been discussed in particular on static graphs. Graph burning simulates…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-11-17 Arya Tanmay Gupta

Numerous approaches study the vulnerability of networks against social contagion. Graph burning studies how fast a contagion, modeled as a set of fires, spreads in a graph. The burning process takes place in synchronous, discrete rounds. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-08 Anthony Bonato , Shahin Kamali

We use Hartnell's model for virus spread on a graph, also known as firefighting. For rooted trees, we propose an Unburning Algorithm, a type of greedy algorithm starting from the leaves and working back towards the root. We show that the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-24 Andrea Barnett , Robert Bond , Anthony Macias , Thomas W. Mattman , Bill Parnell , Ely Schoenfield

Given a graph $G$, the optimization version of the graph burning problem seeks for a sequence of vertices, $(u_1,u_2,...,u_p) \in V(G)^p$, with minimum $p$ and such that every $v \in V(G)$ has distance at most $p-i$ to some vertex $u_i$.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Jesús García-Díaz , José Alejandro Cornejo-Acosta , Joel Trejo Sánchez

Graph burning is a model for the spread of social contagion. The burning number is a graph parameter associated with graph burning that measures the speed of the spread of contagion in a graph; the lower the burning number, the faster the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-11-24 Anthony Bonato , Jeannette Janssen , Elham Roshanbin

Suppose that a circular fire spreads in the plane at unit speed. A single fire fighter can build a barrier at speed $v>1$. How large must $v$ be to ensure that the fire can be contained, and how should the fire fighter proceed? We…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2016-04-18 Rolf Klein , Elmar Langetepe , Christos Levcopoulos

Graph burning is a discrete-time process that models the propagation of information in a network. Initially, we have an undirected graph of unburned vertices. At each time step, an unburned vertex is chosen to burn; additionally, unburned…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Dhanyamol Antony , L. Sunil Chandran , Anita Das , Shirish Gosavi , Dalu Jacob , Shashanka Kulamarva

Graph burning is a discrete process that models the spread of influence through a network using a fire as a proxy for the type of influence being spread. This process was recently extended to hypergraphs. We introduce a variant of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-13 Andrea C. Burgess , John A. Hawkin , Alexander J. M. Howse , Caleb W. Jones , David A. Pike

It is known that the online firefighting is 2-competitive on trees (Coupechoux et al. 2019), which suggests that the problem is relatively easy on trees. We extend the study to graphs containing cycles. We first show that the presence of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Max Hugen , Bob Krekelberg , Alison Hsiang-Hsuan Liu

In the m-\emph{Eternal Domination} game, a team of guard tokens initially occupies a dominating set on a graph $G$. An attacker then picks a vertex without a guard on it and attacks it. The guards defend against the attack: one of them has…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Ioannis Lamprou , Russell Martin , Sven Schewe

A procedure called \textit{graph burning} was introduced to facilitate the modelling of spread of an alarm, a social contagion, or a social influence or emotion on graphs and networks. Graph burning runs on discrete time-steps (or rounds).…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Arya Tanmay Gupta