Related papers: Altered Maxwell equations in the length gauge
Based on the analysis of biquaternion quadratic forms of field, it is shown that Maxwell equations arise as a consequence of the principle of conservation of the energy-momentum flow of field in space-time. It turns out that this principle…
The gauge problem in the so-called strong-field approximation (SFA) describing atomic or molecular systems exposed to intense laser fields is investigated. Introducing a generalized gauge and partitioning of the Hamiltonian it is…
We study the noncommutative $U(1)$ gauge theory on the $\kappa$-Minkowski space-time at the semiclassical approximation. We construct exact solutions of the deformed Maxwell equations in vacuum, describing localized signals propagating in a…
The covariant gauge invariant perturbation theory of scalar cosmological perturbations is developed for a general Scalar-Tensor Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker cosmology in a vacuum. The perturbation equations are then solved exactly in…
Quantizing any model in which a Lagrange multiplier (LM) field is used to restrict field configurations to those that satisfy the classical equations of motion, leads to at most one-loop radiative corrections. This approach can be used with…
There is a simple formula for the gauge function of the transformation from the Lorenz gauge to the Coulomb gauge, valid under a condition that is satisfied by some charge densities employed in the literature. An equation for the gauge…
The standard procedure for making a global phase symmetry local involves the introduction of a rank 1, vector field in the definition of the covariant derivative. Here it is shown that it is possible to gauge a phase symmetry using fields…
Let us consider a reference frame for which the pseudo-Euclidean geometry is valid (prefered frame). The equations of Maxwell in empty space have a simple form and are derived from a Lagrangian. In a medium magnetic permeability and…
Massive gauge fields whose mass is introduced by hand form very intriguing theories. They depart from their massless counterparts by a straightforward modification. Yet, taking the limit when the same vanishes poses a non-trivial challenge.…
A discussion is given of the conformal Einstein field equations coupled with matter whose energy-momentum tensor is trace-free. These resulting equations are expressed in terms of a generic Weyl connection. The article shows how in the…
Using a proper gauge condition the static spherically symmetric solutions of Einstein-Maxwell equations with charged point source at the center are derived. It is shown that the solutions of the field equations are a three-parameter family…
Finite gauge transformations in double field theory can be defined by the exponential of generalized Lie derivatives. We interpret these transformations as `generalized coordinate transformations' in the doubled space by proposing and…
In this article we consider an inverse boundary value problem for the time-harmonic Maxwell equations. We show that the electromagnetic material parameters are determined by boundary measurements where part of the boundary data is measured…
We introduce in the framework of the linear approximation of General relativity a natural distinction between General gauge transformations generated by any vector field and those Special ones for which this vector field is a gradient. This…
Theories of gravity invariant under those diffeomorphisms generated by transverse vectors, $\pd_\m\xi^\m=0$ are considered. Such theories are dubbed transverse, and differ from General Relativity in that the determinant of the metric, $g$,…
We have measured quasi-instantaneous transverse patterns in a broad aperture laser. Non-ordered patterns yielding to boundary determined regular structures in progressive time-integrated recording are observed. The linear analysis and…
A range of issues pertaining to the use of Wilson lines in integrated and transverse-momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions (PDF) is discussed. The relation between gauge invariance and the renormalization properties of the…
Analytic expressions for the fields of a radially polarized, ultrashort and tightly focused laser pulse propagating in a linear-response plasma are derived and discussed. The fields are obtained from solving the inhomogenous wave equations…
The evolution equations of Einstein's theory and of Maxwell's theory---the latter used as a simple model to illustrate the former--- are written in gauge covariant first order symmetric hyperbolic form with only physically natural…
Scalar perturbations of Friedmann-Lemaitre cosmologies can be analyzed in a variety of ways using Einstein's field equations, the Ricci and Bianchi identities, or the conservation equations for the stress-energy tensor, and possibly…