Related papers: Altered Maxwell equations in the length gauge
This paper presents a simple and systematic method to show how the potentials in the Lorentz, Coulomb, Kirchhoff, velocity and temporal gauges yield the same retarded electric and magnetic fields. The method appropriately uses the dynamical…
Phenomena in gauge theory are often described in the physics literature via a specific choice of gauge. In foundational and philosophical discussions this is often criticized as introducing gauge dependence, and contrasted against (often…
We consider generalized energy conditions in modified theories of gravity by taking into account the further degrees of freedom related to scalar fields and curvature invariants. The latter are usually recast as generalized {\it geometrical…
We extend the usual derivation of the wave equation from Maxwell's equations in vacuum to the case of electromagnetic fields in dispersive homogeneous isotropic linear media. Usually, dispersive properties of materials are studied in…
I describe a novel covariant formulation of massive gauge theories in which the longitudinal polarization vectors do not grow with the energy. Therefore in the present formalism, differently from the ordinary one, the energy and coupling…
In this paper, we discuss a gravitational theory based on the generalized gauge field. Our Lagrangian is invariant not only under local Lorentz transformation and the ordinary gauge transformation but also under a new gauge transformation.…
A new kind of tridimensional scalar optical beams is introduced. These beams are called Lorentz beams because the form of their transverse pattern in the source plane is the product of two independent Lorentz functions. Closed-form…
A tensor description of perturbative Einsteinian gravity about an arbitrary background spacetime is developed. By analogy with the covariant laws of electromagnetism in spacetime, gravito-electromagnetic potentials and fields are defined to…
In this paper the Lorentz transformations (LT) and the standard transformations (ST) of the usual Maxwell equations (ME) with the three-dimensional (3D) vectors of the electric and magnetic fields, E and B respectively, are examined using…
Longitudinal electromagnetic fields generally become comparable with the usually dominant transverse components in strongly-focussed, non-paraxial beams. For optical vortex modes it is highlighted here how their angular momentum properties…
The aim of this paper is to show the gauge-invariance on the response of interferometers to gravitational waves (GWs). In this process, after a review of results on the Tranverse-Traceless (TT) gauge, where, in general, the theoretical…
An alternative, scalar theory of gravitation has been proposed, based on a mechanism/interpretation of gravity as being a pressure force: Archimedes' thrust. In it, the gravitational field affects the physical standards of space and time,…
In this paper Maxwell equations are used to analyze the propagation of oscillating electric and magnetic fields from a moving electric dipole source. The results show that both the magnetic field and electric fields generated propagate…
We consider a nonlinear optical system in general, and a broad aperture laser in particular in a resonator where the diffraction coefficients are of opposite signs along two transverse directions. The system is described by the hyperbolic…
The $1/r$-expansion in the distance to the source is applied to the linearized $f(R)$ gravity, and its multipole expansion in the radiation field with irreducible Cartesian tensors is presented. Then, the energy, momentum, and angular…
In light cone gauge, a gauge link at light cone infinity is necessary for transverse momentum-dependent parton distribution to restore the gauge invariance in some specific boundary conditions. We derive such transverse gauge link in a more…
This study discusses the scale transformation of electromagnetic fields and trajectories of ions in radio-frequency linear accelerators. We will obtain a condition for mechanical similarity, where Maxwell equations with source terms and the…
The effect of gravity in Maxwell's equations is often treated as a medium property. The commonly used formulation is based on managing Maxwell's equations in exactly the same form as in Minkowski spacetime and expressing the effect of…
Recently, a number of experimental observations on the superluminal group velocities of pulses propagating in dispersive media have led to reconsidering electromagnetism theory in an unconventional framework. To consider faster-than-light…
In this paper we contrasted two cosmological perturbation theory formalisms, the 1+3 covariant gauge invariant and the gauge invariant by comparing their gauge invariant variables associated with magnetic field defined in each approach. In…