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Related papers: Preference-Based Unawareness

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The ideas of aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty are widely used to reason about the probabilistic predictions of machine-learning models. We identify incoherence in existing discussions of these ideas and suggest this stems from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Freddie Bickford Smith , Jannik Kossen , Eleanor Trollope , Mark van der Wilk , Adam Foster , Tom Rainforth

In this article, we address the question of how non-knowledge about future events that influence economic agents' decisions in choice settings has been formally represented in economic theory up to date. To position our discussion within…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2012-09-12 Ekaterina Svetlova , Henk van Elst

We review two strands of conceptual approaches to the formal representation of a decision maker's non-knowledge at the initial stage of a static one-person, one-shot decision problem in economic theory. One focuses on representations of…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2014-07-04 Ekaterina Svetlova , Henk van Elst

In this paper, I develop and characterize two models of random attention that differ from each other with respect to the menu-dependence of the unobserved reference alternatives. In both models, the decision-maker pays attention to subsets…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-12-23 Varun Bansal

Argumentation is a promising model for reasoning with uncertain knowledge. The key concept of acceptability enables to differentiate arguments and counterarguments: The certainty of a proposition can then be evaluated through the most…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-01 Leila Amgoud , Claudette Cayrol

Approaches to decision-making under uncertainty in the belief function framework are reviewed. Most methods are shown to blend criteria for decision under ignorance with the maximum expected utility principle of Bayesian decision theory. A…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-12-13 Thierry Denoeux

We compare different epistemic notions in the presence of awareness of propositional variables: the logics of implicit knowledge (in which explicit knowledge is definable), explicit knowledge, and speculative knowledge. Different notions of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-10-29 Hans van Ditmarsch , Tim French , Fernando R. Velazquez-Quesada , Yi N. Wang

An important use of machine learning is to learn what people value. What posts or photos should a user be shown? Which jobs or activities would a person find rewarding? In each case, observations of people's past choices can inform our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-12-21 Owain Evans , Andreas Stuhlmueller , Noah D. Goodman

In this paper we study the notion of knowledge from the positions of universal algebra and algebraic logic. We consider first order knowledge which is based on first order logic. We define categories of knowledge and knowledge bases. These…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 B. Plotkin , T. Plotkin

Machine learning and data systems increasingly function as infrastructures of memory: they ingest, store, and operationalize traces of personal, political, and cultural life. Yet contemporary governance demands credible forms of forgetting,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Viktoriia Makovska , George Fletcher , Julia Stoyanovich , Tetiana Zakharchenko

We propose and axiomatize a new model of incomplete preferences under uncertainty, which we call \textit{hope-and-prepare preferences}. An act is considered more desirable than an other act when, and only when, both an optimistic…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-07-29 Pierre Bardier , Bach Dong-Xuan , Van-Quy Nguyen

In this paper, we investigate knowledge reasoning within a simple framework called knowledge structure. We use variable forgetting as a basic operation for one agent to reason about its own or other agents\ knowledge. In our framework, two…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-01-16 Kaile Su , Abdul Sattar , Guanfeng Lv , Yan Zhang

Over time, there have hen refinements in the way that probability distributions are used for representing beliefs. Models which rely on single probability distributions depict a complete ordering among the propositions of interest, yet…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-28 Paul Snow

The adoption of automated, data-driven decision making in an ever expanding range of applications has raised concerns about its potential unfairness towards certain social groups. In this context, a number of recent studies have focused on…

We present a type of epistemic logics that encapsulates both the dynamics of acquiring knowledge (knowing) and losing information (forgetting), alongside the integration of group knowledge concepts. Our approach is underpinned by a system…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Xiaolong Liang , Yì N. Wáng

This paper is an early version. We propose to generalise the notion of "ignoring" a random process as well as the notions of informative and ignorable random processes in a very general setup and for different types of inference (Bayesian…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-06-07 Daniel Bonnery , Joseph Sedransk

Opacity is a generic security property, that has been defined on (non probabilistic) transition systems and later on Markov chains with labels. For a secret predicate, given as a subset of runs, and a function describing the view of an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-09-02 Béatrice Bérard , Krishnendu Chatterjee , Nathalie Sznajder

In this work we generalize standard Decision Theory by assuming that two outcomes can also be incomparable. Two motivating scenarios show how incomparability may be helpful to represent those situations where, due to lack of information,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-04-04 Piero A. Bonatti , Marco Faella , Luigi Sauro

We develop a modal logic to capture partial awareness. The logic has three building blocks: objects, properties, and concepts. Properties are unary predicates on objects; concepts are Boolean combinations of properties. We take an agent to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-11-15 Joseph Y. Halpern , Evan Piermont

A conditional knowledge base R is a set of conditionals of the form "If A, the usually B". Using structural information derived from the conditionals in R, we introduce the preferred structure relation on worlds. The preferred structure…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Christian Komo , Christoph Beierle