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A clique-coloring of a graph $G$ is a coloring of the vertices of $G$ so that no maximal clique of size at least two is monochromatic. The clique-hypergraph, $\mathcal{H}(G)$, of a graph $G$ has $V(G)$ as its set of vertices and the maximal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-08-22 Erfang Shan , Yuxiao Sun , Liying Kang

A graph $G$ is said to be equitably $c$-colorable if its vertices can be partitioned into $c$ independent sets that pairwise differ in size by at most one. Chen, Lih, and Wu conjectured that every connected graph $G$ with maximum degree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-04 James M. Shook

A strong edge-colouring of a graph is a proper edge-colouring where each colour class induces a matching. It is known that every planar graph with maximum degree $\Delta$ has a strong edge-colouring with at most $4\Delta+4$ colours. We show…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-07-22 Julien Bensmail , Ararat Harutyunyan , Hervé Hocquard , Petru Valicov

Let $G$ be a graph and $R\subseteq V(G)$. A proper edge-coloring of a graph $G$ with colors $1,\ldots,t$ is called an $R$-sequential $t$-coloring if the edges incident to each vertex $v\in R$ are colored by the colors $1,\ldots,d_{G}(v)$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-01-07 Petros A. Petrosyan

A proper vertex colouring of a graph $G$ is referred to as conflict-free if in the neighbourhood of every vertex some colour appears exactly once, while it is called $h$-conflict-free if there are at least $h$ such colours for each vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-20 Mateusz Kamyczura , Jakub Przybyło

The distinguishing number $D(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the least integer $d$ such that $G$ has a vertex labeling with $d$ labels that is preserved only by a trivial automorphism. The distinguishing chromatic number $\chi_{D}(G)$ of $G$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-29 Saeid Alikhani , Samaneh Soltani

In this paper we show that every graph $G$ of bounded maximum average degree ${\rm mad}(G)$ and with maximum degree $\Delta$ can be edge-colored using the optimal number of $\Delta$ colors in quasilinear time, whenever $\Delta\ge 2{\rm…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Lukasz Kowalik

For a set of nonnegative integers $c_1, \ldots, c_k$, a $(c_1, c_2,\ldots, c_k)$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a partition of $V(G)$ into $V_1, \ldots, V_k$ such that for every $i$, $1\le i\le k, G[V_i]$ has maximum degree at most $c_i$. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-21 Heather Hoskins , Runrun Liu , Jennifer Vandenbussche , Gexin Yu

With respect to a proper colouring of a graph $G$, we know that $\delta(G) \leq \chi(G) \leq \Delta(G)+1$. If distinct colours represent distinct technology types to be located at vertices the question arises on how to place at least one of…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2018-07-06 Johan Kok , Sudev Naduvath

An \emph{edge coloring} of a graph $G$ is strong if each color class is an induced matching of $G$. The \emph{strong chromatic index} of $G$, denoted by $\chi _{s}^{\prime }(G)$, is the minimum number of colors for which $G$ has a strong…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-04 Małgorzata Śleszyńska-Nowak

A strong edge coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper edge coloring in which each color class is an induced matching of $G$. In 1993, Brualdi and Quinn Massey proposed a conjecture that every bipartite graph without $4$-cycles and with the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-12-09 Borut Lužar , Martina Mockovčiaková , Roman Soták , Riste Škrekovski

In a strong edge-coloring of a graph $G=(V,E)$, any two edges of distance at most $2$ get distinct colors. The strong chromatic index of $G$, denoted by $\chi_s'(G)$, is the minimum number of colors needed in a strong edge-coloring of $G$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-05 Runze Wang

A proper edge $k$-colouring of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is an assignment $c:E\to \{1,2,\ldots,k\}$ of colours to the edges of the graph such that no two adjacent edges are associated with the same colour. A neighbour sum distinguishing edge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-07 Hervé Hocquard , Jakub Przybyło

A complete $k$-coloring of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is an assignment $\varphi:V\to\{1,\ldots,k\}$ of colors to the vertices such that no two vertices of the same color are adjacent, and the union of any two color classes contains at least one…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-12-31 Gabor Bacso , Piotr Borowiecki , Mihaly Hujter , Zsolt Tuza

The famous Wegner's Planar Graph Conjecture asserts tight upper bounds on the chromatic number of the square $G^2$ of a planar graph $G$, depending on the maximum degree $\Delta(G)$ of $G$. The only case that the conjecture is resolved is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Eun-Kyung Cho , Ilkyoo Choi , Bernard Lidický

The Chen-Lih-Wu Conjecture states that each connected graph with maximum degree $\Delta\geq 3$ that is not the complete graph $K_{\Delta+1}$ or the complete bipartite graph $K_{\Delta,\Delta}$ admits an equitable coloring with $\Delta$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-14 Alexandr Kostochka , Duo Lin , Zimu Xiang

A graph is locally irregular if the degrees of the end-vertices of every edge are distinct. An edge coloring of a graph G is locally irregular if every color induces a locally irregular subgraph of G. A colorable graph G is any graph which…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-08 Jelena Sedlar , Riste Škrekovski

We study the average number $\mathcal{A}(G)$ of colors in the non-equivalent colorings of a graph $G$. We show some general properties of this graph invariant and determine its value for some classes of graphs. We then conjecture several…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-11 Alain Hertz , Hadrien Mélot , Sébastien Bonte , Gauvain Devillez

Given an undirected graph $G$ and integers $c$ and $k$, the Maximum Edge-Colorable Subgraph problem asks whether we can delete at most $k$ edges in $G$ to obtain a graph that has a proper edge coloring with at most $c$ colors. We show that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Niels Grüttemeier , Christian Komusiewicz , Nils Morawietz

We develop an improved bound for the chromatic number of graphs of maximum degree $\Delta$ under the assumption that the number of edges spanning any neighbourhood is at most $(1-\sigma)\binom{\Delta}{2}$ for some fixed $0<\sigma<1$. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-13 Eoin Hurley , Rémi de Joannis de Verclos , Ross J. Kang
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