Related papers: First results from a next-generation off-plane X-r…
X-ray diffraction with high spatial resolution is commonly used to characterize (poly-)crystalline samples with, for example, respect to local strain, residual stress, grain boundaries and texture. However, the investigation of highly…
For the reliable fabrication of the current and next generation of nanostructures it is essential to be able to determine their material composition and dimensional parameters. Using the grazing incidence X-ray fluoresence technique, which…
Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy and ptychography have become mature tools for high-resolution, element-specific imaging of nanoscale structures. However, transmission geometries impose stringent constraints on sample thickness and…
PRAXIS is a second generation instrument that follows on from GNOSIS, which was the first instrument using fibre Bragg gratings for OH background suppression. The Bragg gratings reflect the NIR OH lines while being transparent to light…
We have studied atomic diffraction at normal incidence from an evanescent standing wave with a high resolution using velocity selective Raman transitions. We have observed up to 3 resolved orders of diffraction, which are well accounted for…
Application of the differential method (also called the C method) to plane-wave diffraction by a perfectly conducting, sinusoidally corrugated metallic grating coated with a linear, homogeneous, isotropic, lossless dielectric-magnetic…
We demonstrate a kind of grating coupler that generates high quality flat-top beam with a small beamwidth from photonic integrated circuits into free-space. The grating coupler is designed on a silicon-on-insulator wafer with a 220 nm-thick…
The diffraction of electromagnetic plane waves by a rectangular grating formed by discrete steps in the interface of a homogeneous, isotropic, linear, negative phase--velocity (negative index) material with free space is studied using the…
A topology optimization method is presented and applied to a blazed diffraction grating in reflection under conical incidence. This type of gratings is meant to disperse the incident light on one particular diffraction order and this…
In this paper, an analytical theory for the diffraction of a Bessel beam of arbitrary order $J_l(\kappa r)$ on a 2D amplitude grating is presented. The diffraction pattern in the main and fractional Talbot planes under certain conditions is…
A theoretical approach for uniformly extracting light propagating through a light guide plate is developed here. Typically, liquid crystal display modalities utilize a backlit lighting system illuminated from the edge with light emitting…
Spatial characteristics of the optical-vortex (OV) beams created during the Gaussian beam diffraction by a grating with groove bifurcation are analyzed theoretically and numerically. In contrast to previous works, condition of small-angle…
This paper presents a novel heterodyne grating interferometer designed to meet the precise measurement requirements of next-generation lithography systems and large-scale atomic-level manufacturing. Utilizing a dual-frequency light source,…
X-ray mirror fabrication for astronomy is challenging; this is due to the Wolter I optical geometry and the tight tolerances on roughness and form error to enable accurate and efficient X-ray reflection. The performance of an X-ray mirror,…
A novel approach for measuring linear X-ray polarization over a broad-band using conventional imaging optics and cameras is described. A new type of high efficiency grating, called the critical angle transmission grating is used to disperse…
Developing a suitable production method for three-dimensional periodic nanostructures with high aspect ratios is a subject of growing interest. For mass production, Talbot lithography offers many advantages. However, one disadvantage is…
Metal microstructured optical elements for grating-based X-ray phase-contrast interferometry were fabricated by using an innovative approach of microcasting: hot embossing technology with low melting temperature (280{\deg}C) metal alloy…
Modern grating manufacturing techniques suffer from inherent issues that limit their peak efficiencies. The anisotropic etching of silicon facilitates the creation of custom gratings that have sharp and atomically smooth facets, directly…
In this paper, we report measurements of diffraction efficiency and angular dispersion for a large format (~ 25 cm diameter) Volume-Phase Holographic (VPH) grating optimized for near-infrared wavelengths (0.9 -- 1.8 micron). The aim of this…
X-ray interferometry provides valuable information in terms of attenuation, small-angle scatter, and differential phase contrast. This multi-modal contrast can aid in many clinical applications, such as lung diseases and breast cancer.…