Related papers: Closed form solutions of linear difference equatio…
In this note, we establish a new closed formula for the solution of homogeneous second-order linear difference equations with constant coefficients by using matrix theory. This, in turn, gives new closed formulas concerning all sequences of…
We present a closed-form solution for n-th term of a general three-term recurrence relation with arbitrary given n-dependent coefficients. The derivation and corresponding proof are based on two approaches, which we develop and describe in…
The determinant of a lower Hessenberg matrix (Hessenbergian) is expressed as a sum of signed elementary products indexed by initial segments of nonnegative integers. A closed form alternative to the recurrence expression of Hessenbergians…
In this article we study solutions to second order linear difference equations with variable coefficients. Under mild conditions we provide closed form solutions using finite continued fraction representations. The proof of the results are…
In this study, a recursive solution technique in conjunction with generalized integrating factors is presented and applied to address first and second order linear differential equations. This approach demonstrates practical utility in…
We present two algorithms for computing what we call the absolute factorization of a difference operator. We also give an algorithm to solve third order difference equations in terms of second order equations, together with applications to…
A system of inhomogeneous second-order difference equations with linear parts given by noncommutative matrix coefficients are considered. Closed form of its solution is derived by means of newly defined delayed matrix sine/cosine using the…
In this paper we consider a class of boundary value problems for third order nonlinear functional differential equation. By the reduction of the problem to operator equation we establish the existence and uniqueness of solution and…
Many theorems of mathematics have the form that for a certain problem, e.g. a differential equation or polynomial (in)equality, there exists a solution. The sequential version then states that for a sequence of problems, there is a sequence…
The bivariate difference field provides an algebraic framework for a sequence satisfying a recurrence of order two. Based on this, we focus on sequences satisfying a recurrence of higher order, and consider the multivariate difference…
The method of this paper is my original creation. A new method for solving linear differential equations is proposed in this paper. The important conclusion of this paper is that arbitrary order linear ordinary differential equations with…
We derive a concise closed-form solution for a linear three-term recurrence relation. Such recurrence relations are very common in the quantitative sciences, and describe finite difference schemes, solutions to problems in Markov processes…
We derive a method for finding Lie Symmetries for third-order difference equations. We use these symmetries to reduce the order of the difference equations and hence obtain the solutions of some third-order difference equations. We also…
We introduce basic aspects of new operator method, which is very suitable for practical solving differential equations of various types. The main advantage of the method is revealed in opportunity to find compact exact operator solutions of…
In this work we solve in closed form the system of difference equations \begin{equation*} x_{n+1}=\dfrac{ay_nx_{n-1}+bx_{n-1}+c}{y_nx_{n-1}},\; y_{n+1}=\dfrac{ax_ny_{n-1}+by_{n-1}+c}{x_ny_{n-1}},\;n=0,1,..., \end{equation*} where the…
It is known that difference equations generated as the Newton-Raphson iteration for quadratic equations are solvable in closed form, and the solution can be constructed from linear three-term recurrence relations with constant coefficients.…
Linear differential equations and recurrences reveal many properties about their solutions. Therefore, these equations are well-suited for representing solutions and computing with special functions. We identify a large class of existing…
The detailed construction of the general solution of a second order non-homogenous linear operatordifference equation is presented. The wide applicability of such an equation as well as the usefulness of its resolutive formula is shown by…
In this paper we show that an arbitrary solution of one ordinary difference equation is also a solution for a hierarchy of integrable difference equations. We also provide an example of such a solution that is related to sequence generated…
We obtain explicit formulas for the solutions of the system of second-order difference equations of the form $x_{n+ 1} = \frac{x_n y_{n-1}}{y_n (a_n + b_n x_n y_{n - 1})}, \quad y_{n+1} = \frac{x_{n - 1} y_n}{x_n (c_n+d_n x_{n-1} y_n)}$,…