English

On a new closed formula for the solution of second order linear difference equations and applications

Number Theory 2021-01-01 v3

Abstract

In this note, we establish a new closed formula for the solution of homogeneous second-order linear difference equations with constant coefficients by using matrix theory. This, in turn, gives new closed formulas concerning all sequences of this type such as the Fibonacci and Lucas sequences. As applications; we show that Binet's formula, in this case, is valid for negative integers as well. Finally, we find new summation formulas relating the elements of such sequences.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1707.00179,
  title  = {On a new closed formula for the solution of second order linear difference equations and applications},
  author = {Issam Kaddoura and Bassam Mourad},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.00179},
  year   = {2021}
}

Comments

13 pages

R2 v1 2026-06-22T20:35:15.880Z