Related papers: A sum rule for charged elementary particles
Based on experimental discovery that the mass-square of neutrino is negative, a quantum equation for superluminal neutrino is proposed in comparison with Dirac equation and Dirac equation with imaginary mass. A virtual particle may also be…
The vacuum is considered as some fluid emergent from the zero-point fluctuations of the quantum fields contributing to the vacuum energy density and pressure. The equation of vacuum state and the speed of vacuum sound-waves are deduced…
It is shown that the well known sum rules for oscillator strengths for Hydrogen atom can be generalised to a whole class of sum rules. The sum rules have contributions from the discrete and the continuum parts of the spectrum neither of…
The fact that mass has an effect on surrounding space is the first essential element of general relativity. This paper unifies this mass/space distinction of general relativity with Newtonian gravity at a subatomic scale and with reported…
We derive a set of sum rules for the light-by-light scattering and fusion: $\gamma\gamma \to all$, and verify them in lowest order QED calculations. A prominent implication of these sum rules is the superconvergence of the…
Obtaining general relations between macroscopic properties of random assemblies, such as density, and the microscopic properties of their constituent particles, such as shape, is a foundational challenge in the study of amorphous materials.…
We make an estimation of the mass of the universe by considering the behavior of a very special test particle when described both by using the Newtonian mechanics as well through a scalar field theory of the Yukawa kind. Naturally, Hubble's…
Motivated by a revision of the classical equations of electromagnetism that allow for the inclusion of solitary waves in the solution space, the material collected in these notes examines the consequences of adopting the modified model in…
Based on a Planck scale underpinning for the universe, we deduce an expression for the gravitational constant which exhibits it as a distributional effect over all the particles of the universe. This solves a long standing puzzle, the so…
Normalized wave packets express particles in nature. Their sizes are determined by their interactions with matter, and depend on environments. Nevertheless, these characterize scatterings processes in realistic situations, and govern the…
Infinite sets of sum rules involving the excitations of infinite nuclear matter are derived using only completeness, the current algebra implicit in QCD, and relativistic covariance. The sum rules can be used for isospin-asymmetric nuclear…
We assume that particles are point-like objects even when not observed. We report on the consequences of our assumption within the realm of quantum theory. An important consequence is the necessity of vacuum fields to account for particle…
The author discusses particular solutions of a second order equation designated by source equation. This equation is special because the metric of the space where it is written is influenced by the solution, rendering the equation…
The possibility of a quantum system to exhibit properties that are akin to both the classically held notions of being a particle and a wave, is one of the most intriguing aspects of the quantum description of nature. These aspects have been…
Standard particle theory is based on quantized matter embedded in a classical geometry. Here, a complementary model is proposed, based on classical matter -- massive bodies, without quantum properties -- embedded in a quantum geometry. It…
We emphasize that a specific aspect of quantum gravity is the absence of a super-selection rule that prevents a linear superposition of different gravitational charges. As an immediate consequence, we obtain a tiny, but observable,…
We introduce new sum rules allowing to determine universal properties of the unknown component of the cosmic rays and show how they can be used to predict the positron fraction at energies not yet explored by current experiments and to…
We consider the properties of an ensemble of universes as function of size, where size is defined in terms of the asymptotic value of the Hubble constant (or, equivalently, the value of the cosmological constant). We assume that standard…
If one assumes there is probability of perception in quantum mechanics, then unitarity dictates that it must have the coefficient squared form, in agreement with experiment.
A new method involving the effective wave function is used to define the mass of a particle in a standard five-dimensional extension of general relativity. The mass is inversely proportional to the magnitude of the scalar field of the extra…