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Motivated by non-local games and quantum coloring problems, we introduce a graph homomorphism game between quantum graphs and classical graphs. This game is naturally cast as a "quantum-classical game"--that is, a non-local game of two…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2024-06-19 Michael Brannan , Priyanga Ganesan , Samuel J. Harris

Alice and Bob receive a bipartite state (possibly entangled) from some finite collection or from some subspace. Alice sends a message to Bob through a noisy quantum channel such that Bob may determine the initial state, with zero chance of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-17 Dan Stahlke

We show that quantum graph parameters for finite, simple, undirected graphs encode winning strategies for all possible synchronous non-local games. Given a synchronous game $\mathcal{G}=(I,O,\lambda)$ with $|I|=n$ and $|O|=k$, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-12 Samuel J. Harris

Homomorphism indistinguishability is a way of characterising many natural equivalence relations on graphs. Two graphs $G$ and $H$ are called homomorphism indistinguishable over a graph class $\mathcal{F}$ if for each $F \in \mathcal{F}$,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Tim Seppelt , Gian Luca Spitzer

Over 50 years ago, Lov\'{a}sz proved that two graphs are isomorphic if and only if they admit the same number of homomorphisms from any graph [Acta Math. Hungar. 18 (1967), pp. 321--328]. In this work we prove that two graphs are quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-22 Laura Mančinska , David E. Roberson

We explore the concept of a graph homomorphism through the lens of C$^*$-algebras and operator systems. We start by studying the various notions of a quantum graph homomorphism and examine how they are related to each other. We then define…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2016-02-23 Carlos M. Ortiz , Vern I. Paulsen

We present a strong connection between quantum information and quantum permutation groups. Specifically, we define a notion of quantum isomorphisms of graphs based on quantum automorphisms from the theory of quantum groups, and then show…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-02 Martino Lupini , Laura Mančinska , David E. Roberson

Lattice-based cryptography is not only for thwarting future quantum computers, and is also the basis of Fully Homomorphic Encryption. Motivated from the advantage of graph homomorphisms we combine graph homomorphisms with graph total…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-06 Bing Yao , Hongyu Wang

We show that any two Hadamard graphs on the same number of vertices are quantum isomorphic. This follows from a more general recipe for showing quantum isomorphism of graphs arising from certain association schemes. The main result is built…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-27 Ada Chan , William J. Martin

We undertake a study of the notion of a quantum graph over arbitrary finite-dimensional $C^*$-algebras $B$ equipped with arbitrary faithful states. Quantum graphs are realised principally as either certain operators on $L^2(B)$, the quantum…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2024-11-27 Matthew Daws

Man\v{c}inska and Roberson introduced quantum graph homomorphisms as the existence of perfect quantum strategies for graph homomorphism games. The resulting relation is a quasi-order on finite graphs, and hence gives a partial order after…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Yangjing Long

In 2019, Aterias et al. constructed pairs of quantum isomorphic, non-isomorphic graphs from linear constraint systems. This article deals with quantum automorphisms and quantum isomorphisms of colored versions of those graphs. We show that…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2022-10-03 David Roberson , Simon Schmidt

Using the simulation paradigm in information theory, we define notions of quantum hypergraph homomorphisms and quantum hypergraph isomorphisms, and show that they constitute partial orders and equivalence relations, respectively.…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2022-11-10 Gage Hoefer , Ivan G. Todorov

We introduce a category $\mathsf{qGph}$ of quantum graphs, whose definition is motivated entirely from noncommutative geometry. For all quantum graphs $G$ and $H$ in $\mathsf{qGph}$, we then construct a quantum graph $[G,H]$ of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Andre Kornell , Bert Lindenhovius

We introduce the notion of nonlocal symmetry of a graph $G$, defined as a winning quantum correlation for the $G$-automorphism game that cannot be produced classically. Recent connections between quantum group theory and quantum information…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2021-02-11 David E. Roberson , Simon Schmidt

Quantum graphs are an operator space generalization of classical graphs that have emerged in different branches of mathematics including operator theory, non-commutative topology and quantum information theory. In this paper, we obtain…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2021-12-06 Priyanga Ganesan

We introduce a two-player nonlocal game, called the $(G,H)$-isomorphism game, where classical players can win with certainty if and only if the graphs $G$ and $H$ are isomorphic. We then define the notions of quantum and non-signalling…

We supply an upper bound on the distinguishing chromatic number of certain infinite graphs satisfying an adjacency property. Distinguishing proper $n$-colourings are generalized to the new notion of distinguishing homomorphisms. We prove…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-09-03 Anthony Bonato , Dejan Delic

In the $(G,H)$-isomorphism game, a verifier interacts with two non-communicating players (called provers) by privately sending each of them a random vertex from either $G$ or $H$, whose aim is to convince the verifier that two graphs $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-24 Laura Mančinska , David E. Roberson , Antonios Varvitsiotis

We study the problem of counting the number of homomorphisms from an input graph $G$ to a fixed (quantum) graph $\bar{H}$ in any finite field of prime order $\mathbb{Z}_p$. The subproblem with graph $H$ was introduced by Faben and Jerrum…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-08-19 J. A. Gregor Lagodzinski , Andreas Göbel , Katrin Casel , Tobias Friedrich
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