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Ensuring that predicted probabilities align with observed frequencies is critical in high-stakes domains such as clinical decision support, autonomous driving and financial risk assessment. Existing calibration methods typically apply a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Tomer Lavi , Bracha Shapira , Nadav Rappoport

Prediction markets are used in real life to predict outcomes of interest such as presidential elections. This paper presents a mathematical theory of artificial prediction markets for supervised learning of conditional probability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-03-18 Adrian Barbu , Nathan Lay

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction is a core task in online personalization platform. A key step for CTR prediction is to learn accurate user representation to capture their interests. Generally, the interest expressed by a user is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Xian-Jin Gui

Probabilistic predictions can be evaluated through comparisons with observed label frequencies, that is, through the lens of calibration. Recent scholarship on algorithmic fairness has started to look at a growing variety of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Benedikt Höltgen , Robert C Williamson

Explaining the predictions of AI models is paramount in safety-critical applications, such as in legal or medical domains. One form of explanation for a prediction is an extractive rationale, i.e., a subset of features of an instance that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Lei Sha , Oana-Maria Camburu , Thomas Lukasiewicz

Many popular search engines run an auction to determine the placement of advertisements next to search results. Current auctions at Google and Yahoo! let advertisers specify a single amount as their bid in the auction. This bid is…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Gagan Aggarwal , S. Muthukrishnan , Jon Feldman

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction plays a key role in modern online personalization services. In practice, it is necessary to capture user's drifting interests by modeling sequential user behaviors to build an accurate CTR prediction…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Jiarui Qin , Weinan Zhang , Xin Wu , Jiarui Jin , Yuchen Fang , Yong Yu

Whenever a binary classifier is used to provide decision support, it typically provides both a label prediction and a confidence value. Then, the decision maker is supposed to use the confidence value to calibrate how much to trust the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Nina L. Corvelo Benz , Manuel Gomez Rodriguez

Click through rate (CTR) prediction of image ads is the core task of online display advertising systems, and logistic regression (LR) has been frequently applied as the prediction model. However, LR model lacks the ability of extracting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-09-21 Junxuan Chen , Baigui Sun , Hao Li , Hongtao Lu , Xian-Sheng Hua

In practice, most auction mechanisms are not strategy-proof, so equilibrium analysis is required to predict bidding behavior. In many auctions, though, an exact equilibrium is not known and one would like to understand whether -- manually…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Fabian R. Pieroth , Tuomas Sandholm

When facing uncertainty, decision-makers want predictions they can trust. A machine learning provider can convey confidence to decision-makers by guaranteeing their predictions are distribution calibrated -- amongst the inputs that receive…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-14 Shengjia Zhao , Michael P. Kim , Roshni Sahoo , Tengyu Ma , Stefano Ermon

Model evolution and constant availability of data are two common phenomena in large-scale real-world machine learning applications, e.g. ads and recommendation systems. To adapt, the real-world system typically retrain with all available…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Jian Zhu , Congcong Liu , Pei Wang , Xiwei Zhao , Zhangang Lin , Jingping Shao

Accurate estimation of predictive uncertainty (model calibration) is essential for the safe application of neural networks. Many instances of miscalibration in modern neural networks have been reported, suggesting a trend that newer, more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Matthias Minderer , Josip Djolonga , Rob Romijnders , Frances Hubis , Xiaohua Zhai , Neil Houlsby , Dustin Tran , Mario Lucic

We provide the first analysis of (deferred acceptance) clock auctions in the learning-augmented framework. These auctions satisfy a unique list of appealing properties, including obvious strategyproofness, transparency, and unconditional…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Vasilis Gkatzelis , Daniel Schoepflin , Xizhi Tan

When providing probabilistic forecasts for uncertain future events, it is common to strive for calibrated forecasts, that is, the predictive distribution should be compatible with the observed outcomes. Several notions of calibration are…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-05-21 Christof Strähl , Johanna F. Ziegel

Online auctions are one of the most fundamental facets of the modern economy and power an industry generating hundreds of billions of dollars a year in revenue. Auction theory has historically focused on the question of designing the best…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Thomas Nedelec , Clément Calauzènes , Noureddine El Karoui , Vianney Perchet

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction is crucial in recommendation and online advertising systems. Existing methods usually model user behaviors, while ignoring the informative context which influences the user to make a click decision, e.g.,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Xiang Li , Shuwei Chen , Jian Dong , Jin Zhang , Yongkang Wang , Xingxing Wang , Dong Wang

Standard ad auction formats do not immediately extend to settings where multiple size configurations and layouts are available to advertisers. In these settings, the sale of web advertising space increasingly resembles a combinatorial…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Rad Niazadeh , Jason Hartline , Nicole Immorlica , Mohammad Reza Khani , Brendan Lucier

As Learning-to-Rank (LTR) approaches primarily seek to improve ranking quality, their output scores are not scale-calibrated by design. This fundamentally limits LTR usage in score-sensitive applications. Though a simple multi-objective…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Aijun Bai , Rolf Jagerman , Zhen Qin , Le Yan , Pratyush Kar , Bing-Rong Lin , Xuanhui Wang , Michael Bendersky , Marc Najork

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction, whose goal is to predict the probability of the user to click on an item, has become increasingly significant in the recommender systems. Recently, some deep learning models with the ability to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Tianwei Cao , Qianqian Xu , Zhiyong Yang , Qingming Huang