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The authors present a review of the systematic studies of the structure of macroscopically planar thin films at the air-liquid interface (water, alkali solution and silica hydrosol). A common feature of the considered works is the…

The lateral resolution of an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy instrument, which is equipped with a focused X-ray beam, is limited by the nominal X-ray beam diameter and the long tail intensity distri-bution of the X-ray beam. The long tail…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-12-21 Uwe Scheithauer

It has been a general trend to develop low-voltage electron microscopes due to their high imaging contrast of the sample and low radiation damage. Atom-resolved transmission electron microscopes with voltages as low as 15-40 kV have been…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-12-29 Wei-Tse Chang , Chun-Yueh Lin , Wei-Hao Hsu , Mu-Tung Chang , Yi-Sheng Chen , En-Te Hwu , Ing-Shouh Hwang

X-ray luminescence is produced when contrast agents absorb energy from X-ray photons and release a portion of that energy by emitting photons in the visible and near-infrared range. X-ray luminescence computed tomography (XLCT) was…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-13 Yile Fang , Yibing Zhang , Changqing Li

Lobster eye telescopes are ideal monitors to detect X-ray transients, because they could observe celestial objects over a wide field of view in X-ray band. However, images obtained by lobster eye telescopes are modified by their unique…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-08 Peng Jia , Wenbo Liu , Yuan Liu , Haiwu Pan

X-ray phase-contrast imaging has the potential to improve image contrast with lower dose by probing an object's refractive properties as well as its absorptive properties. To reconstruct a phase-contrast image from a raw dataset, a phase…

Medical Physics · Physics 2025-08-19 Giavanna Jadick , Patrick La Rivière

SVOM is a Sino-French space mission targeting high-energy transient astrophysical objects such as gamma-ray bursts. The soft X-ray part of the spectrum is covered by the Micro-channel X-ray Telescope (MXT) which is a narrow field telescope…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-01 Shaymaa Hussein , Florent Robinet , Martin Boutelier , Diego Götz , Aleksandra Gros , Benjamin Schneider

This paper discusses the broad science case for obtaining milliarcsecond to microarcsecond astronomical imaging resolution in the soft to medium-energy X-ray band (~0.5 to ~8 keV). Astronomy across much of the electromagnetic spectrum has…

The penetration power of x-rays allows one to image large objects. For example, centimeter-sized specimens can be imaged with micron-level resolution using synchrotron sources. In this case, however, the limited beam diameter and detector…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-23 Ming Du , Rafael Vescovi , Kamel Fezzaa , Chris Jacobsen , Doga Gursoy

The development of three-dimensional (3D) non-destructive X-ray characterization techniques in home laboratories is essential for enabling many more researchers to perform 3D characterization daily, overcoming the limitations imposed by…

Low voltage scanning electron microscopy is a powerful tool for examining surface features and imaging beam sensitive materials. Improving resolution during low voltage imaging is then an important area of development. Decreasing the effect…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-12-07 Frances Quigley , Clive Downing , Cormac McGuinness , Lewys Jones

Feynman once asked physicists to build better electron microscopes to be able to watch biology at work. While electron microscopes can now provide atomic resolution, electron beam induced specimen damage precludes high resolution imaging of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-12-16 Thomas Juffmann , Stewart A. Koppell , Brannon B. Klopfer , Colin Ophus , Robert Glaeser , Mark A. Kasevich

We propose a new wide-field imaging method that exploits the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance phenomenon to produce super-resolution images with an optical microscope equipped with a custom design polarization analyzer module. In this…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-09 Andrey Alexandrov , Takashi Asada , Fabio Borbone , Valeri Tioukov , Giovanni De Lellis

A novel method and experimental configuration are proposed that allow the collection of high-quality X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data in transmission mode on a standard laboratory diffractometer. This configuration makes use of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-09-23 Milen Gateshki , Charalampos Zarkadas , Detlef Beckers

X-ray single particle imaging involves the measurement of a large number of noisy diffraction patterns of isolated objects in random orientations. The missing information about these patterns is then computationally recovered in order to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-25 Kartik Ayyer

Conventional x-ray imaging detectors suffer from parallax error when the radiation beam arrives at the detector surface at tilted angle. The image blurring occurs as the radiation penetrates detector material in lateral direction at tilted…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-10-04 Polad Shikhaliev , Nicola Tartoni

We describe a diffraction microscopy technique based on refractive optics to study structural variations in crystals. The X-ray beam diffracted by a crystal was magnified by beryllium parabolic refractive lenses on a 2D X-ray camera. The…

Optics · Physics 2014-12-16 Thomas Roth , Carsten Detlefs , Irina Snigireva , Anatoly Snigirev

A new scheme of hard x-ray or gamma ray light is considered. The excitation of the Langmuir wave in an ultra dense electron beamm via the two-stream instabilities and the interaction of the excited Langmuir wave with the visible light-laser…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2020-03-09 S. Son

X-ray sources are developing rapidly and their coherent output is growing extremely rapidly. The increased coherent flux from modern X-ray sources is being matched with an associated rapid development in experimental methods. This article…

Optics · Physics 2012-08-09 Keith A Nugent

Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) is a nanoscale imaging technique that can utilize several powerful contrast mechanisms for the quantitative mapping of chemical and physical materials properties. Spatial resolutions down to…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-05-27 Simone Finizio , Benjamin Watts , Benedikt Rösner , Tim A. Butcher , Sebastian Wintz , Markus Weigand , Jörg Raabe