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We report a continuous variable key distribution system that achieves a final secure key rate of 3.45 kb/sec over a distance of 24.2 km of optical fiber. The protocol uses discrete signaling and post-selection to improve reconciliation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-07 Quyen Dinh Xuan , Zheshen Zhang , Paul L. Voss

Quantum key distribution (QKD), providing a way to generate secret keys with information-theoretic security,is arguably one of the most significant achievements in quantum information. The continuous-variable QKD (CV-QKD) offers the…

We use single homodyne detector to accomplish Continuous-Variable quantum key distribution(CV QKD) in a laboratory and urban environment free-space channel. This is based on Gaussian modulation with coherent-states in the polarization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Shi-Yang Shen , Ming-Wei Dai , Xue-Tao Zheng , Qi-Yao Sun , Bing Zhu , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

Free-space quantum cryptography has the potential to enable global quantum communication. However, most existing continuous-variable quantum secret sharing (CV-QSS) schemes rely on fiber channels. In this paper, we present a CV-QSS protocol…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-17 Fangli Yang , Liang Chang , Daowen Qiu , Minghua Pan , Wanjun Xiong

The FPGA-based Quantum key distribution (QKD) system is an important trend of QKD systems. It has several advantages, real time, low power consumption and high integration density. Privacy amplification is an essential part in a QKD system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-05 Yan Bingze , Li Qiong , Mao Haokun

Encoding schemes and error-correcting codes are widely used in information technology to improve the reliability of data transmission over real-world communication channels. Quantum information protocols can further enhance the performance…

Quantum amplifiers are intrinsically nonlinear systems whose performance limits are set by quantum mechanics. In quantum measurement, amplifier operation is conventionally optimized in the linear regime by maximizing signal-to-noise ratio,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Elif Cüce , Saeed A. Khan , Boris Mesits , Michael Hatridge , Hakan E. Türeci

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables the establishment of secret keys between users connected via a channel vulnerable to eavesdropping, with information-theoretic security, that is, independently of the power of a malevolent party. QKD…

High-quality, distributed quantum entanglement is the distinctive resource for quantum communication and forms the foundation for the unequalled level of security that can be assured in quantum key distribution. While the entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-23 Philipp Sohr , Sebastian Ecker , Lukas Bulla , Martin Bohmann , Rupert Ursin

Enhanced Gaussian noise models are used to demonstrate that the per-block SNR after fibre transmission varies significantly due to the variable-composition nature of modern probabilistic shaping schemes. We propose a nonlinearity-optimised…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-08 Tobias Fehenberger , Alex Alvarado

This paper presents the analysis, design, fabrication, and measurement of an integrated low-noise amplifier (LNA) implemented using a 130 nm CMOS technology, operating in the 2.4 GHz band. The LNA is a crucial component in the performance…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Jorge L. González-Rios , Juan C. Cruz Hurtado , Robson L. Moreno , Diego Vázquez

Quantum continuous variables are being explored as an alternative means to implement quantum key distribution, which is usually based on single photon counting. The former approach is potentially advantageous because it should enable higher…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 F. Grosshans , G. Van Assche , J. Wenger , R. Brouri , N. J. Cerf , Ph. Grangier

Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) with discrete modulation combines advantages of CVQKD, such as the implementability using readily available technologies, with advantages of discrete variable quantum key distribution,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-13 Carlos Pascual-García , Stefan Bäuml , Mateus Araújo , Rotem Liss , Antonio Acín

We study a practical method to measure the shot noise in real time in Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution (CVQKD) systems. The amount of secret key that can be extracted from the raw statistics depends strongly on this quantity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-13 Sébastien Kunz-Jacques , Paul Jouguet

Loss and decoherence are a major problem in the transmission of non-classical states of light over large distances. It was recently shown that the effects of decoherence can be reduced by applying a probabilistic noiseless attenuator before…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-19 R. A. Brewster , T. B. Pittman , J. D. Franson

It has recently become possible to encode the quantum state of superconducting qubits and the position of nanomechanical oscillators into the states of microwave fields. However, to make an ideal measurement of the state of a qubit, or to…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-02-04 M. A. Castellanos-Beltran , K. D. Irwin , G. C. Hilton , L. R. Vale , K. W. Lehnert

The continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (CV-MDI-QKD) is a promising candidate for the immunity to side-channel attacks, but unfortunately seems to face the limitation of transmission distance in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-18 Wei Ye , Hai Zhong , Xiaodong Wu , Liyun Hu , Ying Guo

Consider the problem of using a finite set of coherent states to distribute secret keys over a quantum channel. It is known that computing the exact secret key rate in this scenario is intractable due to the infinite dimensionality of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-05 Micael Andrade Dias , Francisco Marcos de Assis

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) offers higher information capacity and stronger resilience to noise compared to its binary counterpart. However, these advantages are often hindered by the difficulty of realizing the required…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-04 Ohad Lib , Kfir Sulimany , Mateus Araújo , Michael Ben-Or , Yaron Bromberg

A semi-quantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol allows two users, one of whom is restricted in their quantum capabilities, to establish a shared secret key, secure against an all-powerful adversary. In this paper, we design a new SQKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-29 Hasan Iqbal , Walter O. Krawec