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Determining whether a nonlinear multi-input system is differentially flat remains challenging. One way to obtain computationally tractable sufficient conditions is to give complete characterizations of flat normal forms. We introduce a…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-11-17 Georg Hartl , Conrad Gstöttner , Markus Schöberl

In this paper, for continuous, linearly-controllable quadratic control systems with a single input, an explicit, constructive method is proposed for studying their Brunovsky forms, initially studied in [W. Kang and A. J. Krener, Extended…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Wen-Long Jin

In this paper, we give normal forms for flat two-input control-affine systems in dimension five that admit a flat output depending on the state only (we call systems with that property x-flat systems). We discuss relations of x-flatness in…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-01-12 Florentina Nicolau , Conrad Gstöttner , Witold Respondek

In this paper, by using the Brunovsky normal form, we provide a reformulation of the problem consisting in finding the actuator design which minimizes the controllability cost for finite-dimensional linear systems with scalar controls. Such…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-13 Borjan Geshkovski , Enrique Zuazua

We present a broadly applicable structurally flat triangular form for x-flat control-affine systems with three inputs. Building on recent results for the derivative structure of flat outputs, we define the triangular form together with…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-04-06 Georg Hartl , Conrad Gstöttner , Markus Schöberl

The present work establishes necessary and sufficient conditions for a nonlinear system with two inputs to be described by a specific triangular form. Except for some regularity conditions, such triangular form is flat. This may lead to the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-11-27 Hector Bessa Silveira , Paulo Sergio Pereira da Silva , Pierre Rouchon

The Brunovsky canonical form provides sparse structural representations that are beneficial for computational optimal control, yet existing methods fail to compute it reliably. We propose a technique that produces Brunovsky transformations…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Shaohui Yang , Colin N. Jones

Learning-based control techniques use data from past trajectories to control systems with uncertain dynamics. However, learning-based controllers are often computationally inefficient, limiting their practicality. To address this…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Tobias A. Farger , Adam W. Hall , Angela P. Schoellig

This paper examines a broadly applicable triangular normal form for x-flat control-affine systems with two inputs. First, we show that this triangular form encompasses a wide range of established normal forms. Next, we prove that any x-flat…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-01-08 Georg Hartl , Conrad Gstöttner , Markus Schöberl

Linear projection schemes like Proper Orthogonal Decomposition can efficiently reduce the dimensions of dynamical systems but are naturally limited, e.g., for convection-dominated problems. Nonlinear approaches have shown to outperform…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-10-03 Peter Benner , Pawan Goyal , Jan Heiland , Igor Pontes

The purposes of this paper are to classify lower triangular forms and to determine under what conditions a nonlinear system is equivalent to a specific type of lower triangular forms. According to the least multi-indices and the greatest…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-16 Duan Zhang , Ying Sun

We study trajectory tracking for flat nonlinear systems with unmatched uncertainties using the model-following control (MFC) architecture. We apply state feedback linearisation control for the process and propose a simplified implementation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-28 Niclas Tietze , Kai Wulff , Johann Reger

In this paper we consider $(x,u)$-flat nonlinear control systems with two inputs, and show that every such system can be rendered static feedback linearizable by prolongations of a suitably chosen control. This result is not only of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-19 Conrad Gstöttner , Bernd Kolar , Markus Schöberl

We show that every flat nonlinear discrete-time system with two inputs can be transformed into a structurally flat normal form by state- and input transformations. This normal form has a triangular structure and allows to read off the flat…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-04-19 Johannes Diwold , Bernd Kolar , Markus Schöberl

In this paper, we present a structurally flat triangular form which is based on the extended chained form. We provide a complete geometric characterization of the proposed triangular form in terms of necessary and sufficient conditions for…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-01-11 Conrad Gstöttner , Bernd Kolar , Markus Schöberl

We develop an indirect-adaptive model predictive control algorithm for uncertain linear systems subject to constraints. The system is modeled as a polytopic linear parameter varying system where the convex combination vector is constant but…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-09-25 Stefano Di Cairano

The paper addresses the exact linearization of flat nonlinear discrete-time systems by generalized static or dynamic feedbacks which may also depend on forward-shifts of the new input. We first investigate the question which forward-shifts…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-29 Bernd Kolar , Johannes Diwold , Conrad Gstöttner , Markus Schöberl

This paper is devoted to normal forms for x-flat control-affine systems with two inputs. We propose a general triangular normal form which contains several other normal forms discussed in the literature as special cases. We derive…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-11-05 Conrad Gstöttner , Bernd Kolar , Markus Schöberl

We investigate a new class of nonlinear control systems of O.D.E., which are not feedback linearizable in general. Our class is a generalization of the well-known feedback linearizable systems, and moreover it is a generalization of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Svyatoslav S. Pavlichkov

We examine when differentially flat nonlinear control systems with more than two inputs can be rendered static feedback linearizable by a minimal number of prolongations of suitably chosen inputs after applying a static input…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-04-06 Georg Hartl , Conrad Gstöttner , Markus Schöberl
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